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The Relation of Finite Element and Finite Difference Methods

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TLDR
Finite element and finite difference methods are examined in this article, and it is shown that both methods use two types of discrete representations of continuous functions, i.e., functional approximations and finite volume difference methods.
Abstract
Finite element and finite difference methods are examined in order to bring out their relationship. It is shown that both methods use two types of discrete representations of continuous functions. They differ in that finite difference methods emphasize the discretization of independent variable, while finite element methods emphasize the discretization of dependent variable (referred to as functional approximations). An important point is that finite element methods use global piecewise functional approximations, while finite difference methods normally use local functional approximations. A general conclusion is that finite element methods are best designed to handle complex boundaries, while finite difference methods are superior for complex equations. It is also shown that finite volume difference methods possess many of the advantages attributed to finite element methods.

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TL;DR: In this article, the method of Weighted Residuals is used to solve boundary-value problems in heat and mass transfer problems, and convergence and error bounds are established.
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The Effect of Viscosity in Hypervelocity Impact Cratering

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