Journal ArticleDOI
The Relationship between Income Inequality and City Size: A General Equilibrium Model of an Open System of Cities Approach
TLDR
In this article, the authors employ a well developed general equilibrium model of an open system of cities to characterise the relationship between city size and income inequality that emerges, and their conclusion is that unlike existing explanations which provide justifications only for a unidirectional or negative relationship between a city's size and its income inequality, the GEM model applies no restrictions on the direction of the relation.Abstract:
A conclusion which emerges from studies of the factors affecting income inequality among cities is that many are connected through a number of different mechanisms with city size. The explanations are derived from partial equilibrium models of the labour market and ignore considerations associated with labour mobility among cities. To remedy this deficiency our paper employs a well developed general equilibrium model of an open system of cities to characterise the relationship between city size and income inequality that emerges. An outstanding conclusion derived is that, unlike existing explanations which provide justifications only for a unidirectional—positive or negative—rotation between city size and income inequality, the general equilibrium model applies no restrictions on the direction of the relation. Additional restrictions are therefore needed to justify a positive or negative relation. For instance, if households with high income have relative preferences for non-traded goods, whose prices are...read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Chapter 35 Trends in sizes and structures of urban areas
TL;DR: A review of the literature dealing with systems of cities and the patterns of development within such systems can be found in this article, where the authors start with the longstanding question of the distribution of city sizes, both in relation to how this distribution can be described and, given the form that it takes, how that form can be explained.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Public Transport on US Metropolitan Wage Inequality
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a wage inequality analysis for 158 large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and investigate whether public transport has a detectable influence on 1990 levels of wage equality, and provide a macroscopic view of the effectiveness of urban transport investments with respect to urban wage inequality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond Kuznets: Inequality and the size and distribution of cities
TL;DR: The authors studied the relationship between the size and distribution of cities and income inequality at country level and found that inequality first falls and then increases with average city size, which is consistent with the Kuznets inverted-U model.
Journal ArticleDOI
City Size, Urban-Rural Income Gapand Environmental Pollution: Empirical Evidencefrom 283 Cities in China
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used the balanced panel data of 283 cities at the level of municipality or above in China from 2014 to 2017, and adopted the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) and panel threshold model to study the relationship among city size, urban-rural income gap and environmental pollution.
References
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Posted Content
The Sizes and Types of Cities
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a simple general equilibrium model of an economy where production and consumption occur in cities and analyze how factor rewards and cost of living vary with city size.
Book
Urban Development: Theory, Fact, and Illusion
TL;DR: In this article, a simple general equilibrium model of a system of cities extensions of the basic model is presented. But the model is not suitable for large scale urban areas, and the model does not account for the characteristics of urban areas.
Book
The economics of urban size
TL;DR: An aggregative economic approach to the theory of city size is presented along with some empirical findings which suggest that even the largest cities have not yet reached excessive sizes from the point of view of growth and productivity, and a marked decline with increasing density in Social Overhead Captial Stocks per capita.
Journal ArticleDOI
Urban Income Distribution and the Urban Hierarchy-Equality Hypothesis
TL;DR: In this paper, Long-Rasmussen-Haworth et al. developed a theoretical framework for separating the effects of urban size and level of development, and provided a theoretical basis, as well as empirical justification, for the hypothesis that level of urban income level bears a non-linear relationship to urban income inequality, becoming negative at high levels of income.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systems of cities in closed and open economies
TL;DR: In this article, the equilibrium properties of the system of cities in an economy are investigated, and the characteristics of international trade between open economies composed of systems of cities are examined, through an evaluation of standard trade theorems.