The Six-City Study: Examples of Problems in Analysis of the Data
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Some of the results from cross-sectional analyses and studies during air pollution alerts obtained as a part of the Six-City Study, a longitudinal study of the respiratory effects of air pollution illustrate some of the limitations and uncertainties of epidemiologic studies.Abstract:
This paper presents some of the results from cross-sectional analyses and studies during air pollution alerts obtained as a part of the Six-City Study, a longitudinal study of the respiratory effects of air pollution. These analyses illustrate some of the limitations and uncertainties of epidemiologic studies. For example, an earlier report noted increased respiratory illness rates for children living in homes where gas was used for cooking. A later analysis did not confirm this. Reasons for this are explored by using different criteria and variables to be controlled for. The results illustrate that the strength of the association between cooking fuel and illness was sensitive to the definitions of the variables and the number of subjects and city cohorts. Similar examples are presented for illness rates for four respiratory diseases: asthma, bronchitis, illness before age 2 and illness last winter. These examples of cross-sectional analyses emphasize the ambiguities of studies of possible health effects of air pollution exposures close to the present ambient air quality standards.read more
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Respiratory disease rates and pulmonary function in children associated with NO2 exposure.
TL;DR: As part of a long-range, prospective study of the health effects of air pollution, approximately 8,000 children from 6 yrs to 10 yrs of age from 6 communities had questionnaires completed by their parents and had simple spirometry performed in school.
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Effects of Sulfur Oxides and Respirable Particles on Human Health
Benjamin G. Ferris,Frank E. Speizer,John D. Spengler,Douglas W. Dockery,Bishop Y,M. Wolfson,C. Humble +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of health effects of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter was carried out in a cohort of adults 25 to 74 years of age in 6 communities who will be followed prospectively.
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Effects of sulfur oxides and respirable particles on human health. Methodology and demography of populations in study.
Benjamin G. Ferris,Frank E. Speizer,John D. Spengler,Douglas W. Dockery,Bishop Y,M. Wolfson,C. Humble +6 more
TL;DR: Analysis of the cross-sectional data indicated that for both age- and height-adjusted values for forced expiratory volume in 1 s and for selected rates of various respiratory symptoms standardized for age, differences among smoking groups were apparent, suggesting trends that were associated with levels of pollution.