Journal ArticleDOI
The theoretical status of latent variables
TLDR
It is argued that a consistent interpretation of such models requires a realist ontology for latent variables, and a typology of constructs is proposed on the basis of this analysis.Abstract:
This article examines the theoretical status of latent variables as used in modern test theory models. First, it is argued that a consistent interpretation of such models requires a realist ontology for latent variables. Second, the relation between latent variables and their indicators is discussed. It is maintained that this relation can be interpreted as a causal one but that in measurement models for interindividual differences the relation does not apply to the level of the individual person. To substantiate intraindividual causal conclusions, one must explicitly represent individual level processes in the measurement model. Several research strategies that may be useful in this respect are discussed, and a typology of constructs is proposed on the basis of this analysis. The need to link individual processes to latent variable models for interindividual differences is emphasized.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diary Methods: Capturing Life as it is Lived
TL;DR: The types of research questions that diary methods are best equipped to answer are reviewed, the main designs that can be used, current technology for obtaining diary reports, and appropriate data analysis strategies are reviewed.
Book ChapterDOI
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling
TL;DR: Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a popular method for estimating path models with latent variables and their relationships as discussed by the authors, and a common goal of PLSSEM analyses is to identify key success factors and sources of competitive advantage for important target constructs such as customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, behavioral intentions, and user behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Network Analysis: An Integrative Approach to the Structure of Psychopathology
TL;DR: An examines methodologies suited to identify such symptom networks and discusses network analysis techniques that may be used to extract clinically and scientifically useful information from such networks (e.g., which symptom is most central in a person's network).
Journal ArticleDOI
Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling (2nd Edition)
TL;DR: In the second edition of Multilevel Analysis, Tom A. B. Snijders & Roel J. Bosker present a meta-modelling framework called “Smart Modeling” that automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and therefore expensive and expensive process of designing and implementing multilevel models.
Journal ArticleDOI
The concept of validity
TL;DR: This article advances a simple conception of test validity: A test is valid for measuring an attribute if (a) the attribute exists and (b) variations in the attribute causally produce variation in the measurement outcomes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Michael W. Browne,Robert Cudeck +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, two types of error involved in fitting a model are considered, error of approximation and error of fit, where the first involves the fit of the model, and the second involves the model's shape.
Book
Generalized Linear Models
Peter McCullagh,John A. Nelder +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalization of the analysis of variance is given for these models using log- likelihoods, illustrated by examples relating to four distributions; the Normal, Binomial (probit analysis, etc.), Poisson (contingency tables), and gamma (variance components).
MonographDOI
Causality: models, reasoning, and inference
TL;DR: The art and science of cause and effect have been studied in the social sciences for a long time as mentioned in this paper, see, e.g., the theory of inferred causation, causal diagrams and the identification of causal effects.