Journal ArticleDOI
Thermodynamics and phase diagram of the Fe-C system
TLDR
A critical review of published data provides a fairly accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of all of the phases of the system Fe-C that are stable or metastable at atmospheric pressure as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
A critical review of published data provides a fairly accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of all of the phases of the system Fe-C that are stable or metastable at atmospheric pressure. Selected data are shown as tables and equations. A proposed phase diagram differs only slightly from others recently published but has the following features. Peritectic compositions and the α-γ equilibrium are shown to agree with measured values of the activity of iron in the solid and liquid solutions and the thermodynamic properties of pure iron. Of all the reported carbides of iron only two may be studied under equilibrium conditions. The solubilities of cementite and of χ-carbide in α-Fe are deduced from measured equilibria. Both are metastable at all temperatures with respect to graphite and its saturated solution in iron. The χ-carbide becomes more stable than cementite below about 230° Certain published data on e-carbide permit an estimate of its free energy as a precipitate during the aging process.read more
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Effects of graphite nodule count on microstructural homogeneity of austempered ductile iron (ADI)
TL;DR: The microstructural homogeneity of austempered ductile iron (ADI) with different graphite counts was evaluated by micro-structural observations and hardness measurement as mentioned in this paper .
Journal ArticleDOI
C-H-O systems in the presence of iron oxide and iron carbide
TL;DR: In this article, the free energy minimization technique was used to calculate the equilibrium gas phase compositions in equilibrium with Fe3O4, Fe2C, and Fe3C over the complete composition range of the C•H•O system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recycling alloy scrap and CO2 by paired molten salt electrolysis
Xiang Chen,Yan Zhao,Yuan Sun,Long Wang,Hongwei Xie,Jiakang Qu,Shuaibo Gao,Dihua Wang,Huayi Yin +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , valuable materials from retired alloys and CO2 in an eco-friendly and efficient manner are recovered to meet the urgent need for strategical metals and to curb climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prediction of cost optimal gas feed mixtures for carburization
D. D. DiDonato,J. S. Kirkaldy +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a program is presented which predicts the cost optimal input gas mixture required in a carburization process to achieve a desired carbon potential within the furnace atmosphere, based on the equilibrium composition of the reacted gas inside the furnace at specified temperatures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of steel‐drawing‐sheet annealing conditions on surface carbon combustion rate
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that different grain sizes generated by the batch and continuous annealing processes induce diversity in the different surface reactivities, in fact, grain size and hence the concentration of surface grain boundaries increases the oxidation rate of carbon.
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