Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat
Philippe Parola,Didier Raoult +1 more
TLDR
Methods for the detection and isolation of bacteria from ticks are described and advice is given on how tick bites may be prevented and how clinicians should deal with patients who have been bitten by ticks.Abstract:
Ticks are currently considered to be second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human infectious diseases in the world. Each tick species has preferred environmental conditions and biotopes that determine the geographic distribution of the ticks and, consequently, the risk areas for tickborne diseases. This is particularly the case when ticks are vectors and reservoirs of the pathogens. Since the identification of Borrelia burgdorferi as the agent of Lyme disease in 1982, 15 ixodid-borne bacterial pathogens have been described throughout the world, including 8 rickettsiae, 3 ehrlichiae, and 4 species of the Borrelia burgdorferi complex. This article reviews and illustrate various aspects of the biology of ticks and the tickborne bacterial diseases (rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, Lyme disease, relapsing fever borrelioses, tularemia, Q fever), particularly those regarded as emerging diseases. Methods are described for the detection and isolation of bacteria from ticks and advice is given on how tick bites may be prevented and how clinicians should deal with patients who have been bitten by ticks.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The global importance of ticks.
Frans Jongejan,Gerrit Uilenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Ticks and tick-borne diseases affect animal and human health worldwide and are the cause of significant economic losses and although some estimates are given, there is a lack of reliable data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach
Philippe Parola,Christopher D. Paddock,Cristina Socolovschi,Marcelo Bahia Labruna,Oleg Mediannikov,Tahar Kernif,Mohammad Yazid Abdad,John Stenos,Idir Bitam,Pierre-Edouard Fournier,Didier Raoult +10 more
TL;DR: The current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and ricksettsioses is presented using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts
TL;DR: The tick-borne rickettsioses described through 2005 are presented and the epidemiological circumstances that have played a role in the emergence of the newly recognized diseases are focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tick-borne encephalitis
Lars Lindquist,Olli Vapalahti +1 more
TL;DR: The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis, and biological and virological aspects that are important for understanding the life-cycle and transmission of the virus are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis
TL;DR: PCR should not be used as the sole laboratory modality to support a clinical diagnosis of extracutaneous LB, and PCR positivity in seronegative patients suspected of having late manifestations of LB most likely represents a false-positive result.
References
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TL;DR: This chapter discusses the ecology, Behavior, and Host-Parasite Interactions of ticks, as well as the control of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases.
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TL;DR: In the United States, a total of 88,967 cases of Lyme disease were reported to CDC by 49 states and the District of Columbia, with the number of cases increasing from 9,896 in 1992 to 16,802 in 1998.
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