By how much does the backside of a reentry capsule heat up?
Best insight from top research papers
The backside of a reentry capsule can experience significant heating during entry and descent. Studies have shown that the backshell radiative heating on various configurations can reach peak heat flux values. For instance, a sphere-cone configuration observed a peak heat flux of about 3.5 W/cm² at the payload juncture during entry . Additionally, the ellipsled geometry experienced around 1.25 W/cm² on the backshell but up to 8 W/cm² on the base at very high angles of attack . Furthermore, in hypersonic flows, the heat flux on the afterbody of capsules can become significantly larger, emphasizing the importance of accurate heat transfer predictions for designing efficient thermal protection systems . These findings highlight the critical need for effective thermal shielding to manage the intense heating experienced by reentry capsules.
Answers from top 5 papers
More filters
| Papers (5) | Insight |
|---|---|
10 Jul 2018 3 Citations | The backside of a reentry capsule heats up to over 10,000 K due to strong shock waves, triggering endothermic chemical reactions that reduce the temperature field during Earth reentry. |
| The backside of a reentry capsule heats up less than estimated due to spending more time in a dilute atmosphere, as predicted by the fluctuation-dissipation theory from Boltzmann kinetic equation. | |
01 Jan 2015 1 Citations | The heat flux on the afterbody of a reentry capsule increases significantly, as observed in the study, with values notably larger compared to the forebody. |
Open access 01 Oct 2004 1 Citations | The paper focuses on measuring heat transfer on the front side of a re-entry capsule, not the backside. Backside heat-up is not addressed in the paper. |
05 Jun 2017 15 Citations | The backshell of a reentry capsule can experience peak heat fluxes of about 3.5 W/cm² for a sphere-cone configuration and up to 8 W/cm² for an ellipsled at high angles of attack. |
Related Questions
How does the choice of external heating method impact the state of charge and thermal runaway in cylindrical cells?4 answersThe choice of external heating method has an impact on the state of charge and thermal runaway in cylindrical cells. The results show that the temperature of the battery heated by a cylindrical heating rod is higher than that of the battery heated by a spring heating coil, under the same state of charge (SOC). Additionally, the energy required to cause thermal runaway decreases with the increase of SOC. The thermal runaway propagation rate decreases with decreasing SOC and ambient pressure. Furthermore, low pressure can weaken both external flaming combustion and internal thermal runaway reactions during the venting stage, leading to increased thermal runaway temperature and reduced burning mass loss fraction. The battery thermal-runaway propagation speed increases with SOC and ambient temperature. The choice of tab connection method can also affect the thermal-runaway propagation, with flat tab connection accelerating the propagation and non-flat tab connection increasing the likelihood of an explosion.
How long did space shuttle reentry las?4 answersThe duration of space shuttle reentry is not explicitly mentioned in the abstracts provided.
How the phone heats up?4 answersThe phone heats up through various methods described in the abstracts. One method involves the use of a circuit device, power supply, transformer, and electric heater within the phone's shell body. The power supply is transmitted to the electric heater through the transformer, generating heat source. Another method utilizes a heating device with J-shaped spray tubes that project cyclic annular flame onto the phone, resulting in high heating efficiency and ideal softening effect. Additionally, a cell phone can be equipped with a heating and control module, allowing for intelligent temperature regulation and the integration of a heating function for venous transfusion tubes during winter. Furthermore, a high heat dissipating cell phone design incorporates a micro motor with a fan, louvres, and temperature-sensing ware to enhance heat transfer and automatically regulate the phone's temperature. Lastly, a mobile phone heat dissipation clamping tool includes heat dissipation fans that cool the phone's back surface, solving the problem of heat accumulation and performance issues.
How is heat flux estimated in wrf model code?3 answersHeat flux in the WRF model is estimated using various approaches. One approach involves using a default land cover (LC) database, which may lead to errors in the simulation of soil and atmospheric variables. Another approach is the use of a formulation known as heat extinction depth, where the calculated heat fluxes from a fire are inserted into the lower levels of the atmosphere. In the GOTHIC software package, heat transfer correlations are used to simulate heat flux, but the code is not currently qualified for post-CHF heat transfer. In a study on buoyancy-driven turbulent flows, a nonlinear tensorial subgrid-scale (SGS) heat flux model was developed, which showed good alignment with the actual SGS heat flux. In the WRF-SFIRE model, the surface heat flux from a fire causes strong updrafts, which in turn affect the fire spread and are used to estimate fire emissions and simulate plume dynamics.
How much is the heat generation in EV's batteries pack?5 answersThe heat generation in EV's battery pack varies depending on factors such as state of charge (SOC) levels, discharge rates, and operating temperatures. In one study, it was observed that a 6.7% SOC decrease at high SOC levels corresponds to heat generation of 0.377 Wh, 0.728 Wh, and 1.002 Wh for different discharge rates and temperatures. Another study found that heat generation in a prismatic LiFePO4 battery is not significant at low discharge rates and can even become endothermic at certain operating temperatures. Additionally, a heat pipe thermal management system was observed to reduce the battery surface temperature by 39.1% on average, with the ability to maintain the surface temperature below 50 °C if the heat generation is less than 20 W. Overall, accurate understanding of heat generation characteristics is crucial for the development of effective thermal management systems for EV batteries.
What are the parameters for reentry of vehicle?1 answersThe parameters for reentry of a vehicle include the trajectory, aerodynamic heating rates, geometry parameters, initial conditions, center of gravity position, weight moment of inertia, and initial reentry flight states. These parameters are essential for predicting the flight characteristics, impact point, and possible deviations of reentry vehicles. The trajectory optimization of maneuverable reentry vehicles is carried out to ensure that the vehicle stays within specified constraints and maintains its integrity. The optimization process considers factors such as downrange and the specified constraints. The optimization methods used include multi-disciplinary analysis, pseudospectral methods, and trajectory optimization based on reentry point parameters. These methods aim to quickly assess data, determine evasion maneuver capabilities, and optimize the reentry trajectory while considering various constraint conditions.