What can be measured with biological impedance spectroscopy?5 answersBiological Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) allows for the measurement of various parameters related to biological samples. BIS can assess volume status and body composition by extrapolating extracellular, intracellular, and total body resistances. It is also utilized to characterize biological tissues, such as human tissues, for medical applications, measuring impedance magnitude and phase with high accuracy. Additionally, BIS can provide valuable insights into the molecular composition and physical structure of tissues, organs, and the human body, aiding in diagnostics and prognostics. By extending impedance measurement methods to spectroscopy tests, BIS enables a broader range of applications, allowing for the monitoring of cell cultures and selection of optimal oscillator elements for sensitivity range in amplitude and frequency oscillations.
Can UV/VIS spectroscopy be used to determine the anthocyanin content of blueberries?5 answersUV/VIS spectroscopy can be used to determine the anthocyanin content of blueberries. This method requires the use of anthocyanin molar absorption coefficients (Ɛ). However, the values of Ɛ can vary substantially between studies, leading to differences in the estimated total anthocyanin content. Additionally, the Ɛ values can differ depending on the wavelength at which they are measured, resulting in variations in the estimated total anthocyanins when expressed as equivalent of different anthocyanin forms. Therefore, it is important to consider the specific Ɛ values used when using UV/VIS spectroscopy to determine the anthocyanin content of blueberries.
How to determine the banana ripeness?5 answersBanana ripeness can be determined using various methods. One approach is to analyze the color and texture characteristics of the banana image using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix and K-Nearest Neighbor methods for classification. Another method involves using sensor cameras to capture images of banana fingers and analyzing features such as color to detect ripeness stages. Non-invasive, real-time in-situ technologies like chlorophyll degradation, color measurements, spectroscopy, peel gloss, peel softening, and water content can also be used to differentiate between ripening stages. Machine learning techniques, such as transfer learning models, can classify banana images into categories like unripe, ripe, and overripe with high accuracy. These methods provide farmers and fruit industry firms with the ability to determine the freshness and quality of bananas, preventing the harvesting of under-matured or over-matured fruits.
How does x ray is used to detect fruit ripeness?3 answersX-ray is used to detect fruit ripeness by measuring the X-ray absorption capacity of the fruit. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning can be used to monitor the internal changes in fruit as it ripens. The CT number, which represents X-ray absorption, can be correlated with physicochemical properties such as density, moisture content, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and pH. As the fruit matures, the CT number, density, moisture content, and titratable acidity decrease, while the soluble solids and pH increase. X-ray CT scanning can provide non-destructive measurements of these properties, allowing for the assessment of fruit quality without damaging the fruit. Additionally, X-ray radiography can be used to create grayscale images of the fruit, which can be analyzed using quantitative statistical methods to determine changes in fruit quality and ripening.
What are the advantages of nir spectroscopy based sensors on evaluating nutrient contents in organic, natural, and bio-based fertilizers?5 answersNear-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy-based sensors offer several advantages for evaluating nutrient contents in organic, natural, and bio-based fertilizers. These sensors provide a speedy and cost-effective non-destructive technique for quantifying the composition of fertilizers. They can characterize a diverse set of bio-based fertilizers for various properties including nutrients, minerals, heavy metals, pH, and EC. The combination of NIR with mid-infrared (MIR) spectral methods can improve the prediction performances of these sensors, increasing the number of properties that can be predicted. Miniaturized NIR sensors, in particular, offer portability, direct on-site application, high throughput, and a non-invasive way of analysis, making them suitable for field use. They also increase the flexibility of analysis and can be used to combat food safety risks, such as accidental or intentional contamination. Advanced calibration methods and quantum-mechanical simulation of NIR spectra further enhance the accuracy and reliability of miniaturized NIR instruments in challenging analyses. These advantages make NIR spectroscopy-based sensors valuable tools for evaluating nutrient contents in organic, natural, and bio-based fertilizers.
What are the most promising sensor technologies for monitoring the quality of vegetables?5 answersHyperspectral imaging, immunosensors, and nondestructive dielectric measurements are the most promising sensor technologies for monitoring the quality of vegetables. Hyperspectral imaging integrates imaging and spectroscopy to provide both spectral and spatial information simultaneously, allowing for non-destructive evaluation of food quality and safety. Immunosensors offer highly sensitive detection of pesticides in vegetables and fruits, providing fast and high-quality information on their safety. Dielectric measurements have been used to find correlations between qualities such as sweetness and moisture content in fruits and vegetables, enabling rapid and nondestructive measurements for sorting and handling operations. These sensor technologies offer improvements in quality assessment and monitoring throughout the preharvest and postharvest processes, from the field to the consumer.