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Can outer loading below 0.7 acceptable if Average variance extracted above 0.5?

Operator (computer programming)

Variance (accounting)

Constant (computer programming)

Convergence (economics)

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Outer loadings below 0.7 can be acceptable if the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) is above 0.5. While traditional rules of thumb often suggest a cutoff of 0.7 for acceptable loadings, the AVE is a measure of the amount of variance captured by a construct. In the presence of strong factor structures, estimates of factor loadings can still be consistent and asymptotically normal even with weaker loadings, albeit at slower rates and under certain sample size assumptions. Factors influencing the average factor loading obtained in factor analysis include the number of factors extracted, analytical approach, and number of variables analyzed. Therefore, a higher AVE can compensate for slightly lower outer loadings, especially in the context of broader factor analysis considerations.

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Open access•Posted Content Approximate Factor Models with Weaker Loadings Jushan Bai, Htar Htar Aung, Serena Ng - Show less +2 more 08 Sep 2021-arXiv: Econometrics	The paper suggests that even with weaker factor loadings, estimates remain consistent, but inference may be affected with extremely weak loadings. Not directly addressing acceptable thresholds for outer loadings.
Journal Article•DOI A note on the minimal variability owa operator weights Dug Hun Hong 01 Dec 2006-International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 13 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Journal Article•DOI Construction of the average variance extracted index for construct validation in structural equation models with adaptive regressions Patricia Mendes dos Santos, Marcelo Ângelo Cirillo - Show less +1 more 09 Mar 2021-Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 35 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Journal Article•DOI Approximating Confidence Intervals for Factor Loadings Zarrel V. Lambert, Albert R. Wildt, Richard M. Durand - Show less +2 more 01 Jul 1991-Multivariate Behavioral Research 56 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.

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