Cancer cachexia muscle increasement
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Cancer cachexia, a condition characterized by muscle wasting, can lead to significant muscle loss in affected individuals. Research has shown that in experimental models of cancer cachexia, such as the C26 model and KPC mouse model, there is a marked increase in the production of acute phase reactants (APRs) by muscle cells, including Haptoglobin, Serine protease inhibitor A3N, Complement C3, and Serum amyloid A-1 protein . Additionally, studies have demonstrated that herbal combinations containing Boswellia serrata, Cissus quadrangularis, and Withania somnifera extracts can help improve muscle atrophy in cachexia by regulating proinflammatory cytokines, myokines, and genes involved in protein synthesis and proteolysis . Furthermore, alterations in signaling pathways like ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy, mTOR, AMPK, and IGF-1 contribute to muscle wasting in cancer cachexia .
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07 Jun 2020 3 Citations | Increased tumor burden in the KPC mouse model of pancreatic cancer leads to decreased skeletal muscle properties, including muscle mass, strength, and structural changes, indicative of cancer cachexia progression. |
| Not addressed in the paper. | |
1 Citations | A herbal combination (HIM-CHX) in the study increased muscle mass in cancer cachexia models by regulating cytokines, myokines, and genes involved in protein synthesis and proteolysis. |
| Skeletal muscle in cancer cachexia shows a significant increase in acute phase reactants production, reflecting the wasting process, influenced by glucocorticoids and proinflammatory cytokines. | |
1 Citations | Skeletal muscle fibrosis increases during cancer cachexia development, particularly in female mice showing early extracellular matrix alterations, while male mice exhibit delayed fibrotic changes. |
Related Questions
What is the incidence of cancer cachexia?5 answersThe incidence of cancer cachexia varies across studies, with estimates ranging from 20.4% in lung cancer patients in Japanto 35% in cancer patients overall. Another study reported that more than half of all cancer patients develop cachexia. In a specific study conducted in Chile, 27.5% of cancer patients were found to have cachexia. These findings highlight the significant prevalence of cachexia in cancer patients, emphasizing the need for early identification and intervention to improve treatment response and prognosis.
How can cancer cachexia be treated?5 answersCancer cachexia can be treated through a multimodal approach that combines nutritional counseling, exercise, and pharmacological agents. However, currently there are no effective treatment options available in the clinical setting. Pharmacotherapy is a potential avenue for treating cancer cachexia, with ongoing clinical trials evaluating changes in body composition and muscle function. Steroids have traditionally been used for cachexia drug therapy, but their effects are limited. Anamorelin hydrochloride, a medication that treats cachexia and was the first drug approved for this purpose, shows promise in treating cancer cachexia. Additionally, new drugs have been developed to combat cachexia muscle wasting and weight loss due to cancer. Multidisciplinary treatment, including nutrition therapy, exercise therapy, and psychosocial intervention, is also important in the treatment of cancer cachexia.
Cancer cachexia and mRNA profiling4 answersCancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle wasting. mRNA profiling has been used to study the gene expression changes associated with cancer cachexia. Several studies have explored the mRNA profiles in different models of cancer cachexia, including the Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) model, oesophago-gastric cancer patients, and cachectic cancer patients. These studies have identified differentially expressed genes involved in pathways such as extracellular matrix organization, proteolysis, inflammatory response, and energy metabolism. Additionally, the integration of mRNA and microRNA expression profiles has revealed post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs of genes involved in various pathways, including ECM organization, cell migration, transcription factors binding, ion transport, and the FoxO signaling pathway. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia and may contribute to the development of targeted therapies for this syndrome.
Is fearons criteria validated in cancer cachexia?5 answersFearon's criteria for cancer cachexia have been evaluated and validated in several studies. One study found that 52% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were identified as cachectic according to Fearon's criteria, and these patients had a shorter progression-free survival compared to non-cachectic patients. Another study compared Fearon's criteria with other diagnostic criteria and found that 70% of patients developed cachexia according to Fearon's criteria, and the overall survival in the cachectic population was 0.97 years. Additionally, a review article mentioned that Fearon's criteria are one of the diagnostic criteria used to define cancer cachexia, and efforts are being made to develop definitive diagnostic criteria based on these criteria. Therefore, Fearon's criteria have been validated and are widely used in the diagnosis of cancer cachexia.
What is the relationship between hypoxia and cancer cachexia?5 answersHypoxia, a condition characterized by low oxygen levels, plays a significant role in the development of cancer cachexia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of physiological adaptations to hypoxia and is involved in the progression of various cancers, including breast, ovarian, cervical, and prostate cancers. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α accumulates and activates genes involved in cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer stemness. In cancer patients, the ubiquitination proteasome pathway, which promotes muscle wasting, is inhibited during low oxygen levels. Cachexia, a wasting syndrome characterized by muscle and adipose tissue loss, is highly associated with all types of cancers and is influenced by factors such as decreased metabolic activity, food intake, and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms of the HIF-1 pathway and its metabolic adaptations is crucial for developing novel therapeutic approaches for cancer and cachexia.
Is there an association between a history of cancer and decreased skeletal muscle mass?5 answersThere is evidence suggesting that low skeletal muscle mass may be considered a biomarker in research and clinical evaluations of patients with cancer. Skeletal muscle loss has been associated with poor outcomes in patients with solid tumors. In patients with advanced digestive cancers, sub-maximal strength of skeletal muscle correlated inversely with weight loss and directly with skeletal muscle mass. Muscle depletion and loss of muscle in the last 2 years of life were observed in cancer patients, with age, sex, tumor type, and inflammation being factors that impact muscle loss. Higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with longer survival in cancer patients, possibly due to higher levels of protective muscle in individuals with higher BMIs.