Disadvantage of using citric acid as antimicrobial agent?
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The disadvantage of using citric acid as an antimicrobial agent lies in its cytotoxic effects. Citric acid has been shown to exhibit severe toxicity, especially in undiluted forms, which can impact normal cell morphology. Additionally, citric acid has been found to activate the glyoxylate cycle, inhibit ATP production, reduce cell respiration levels, and disrupt the bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to the development of antibiotic tolerance in bacteria. While citric acid demonstrates antimicrobial properties against various pathogens, its cytotoxicity and potential to induce antibiotic tolerance highlight the need for caution in its use as an antimicrobial agent. Moreover, the effectiveness of citric acid as an antimicrobial agent can vary based on the concentration and pH levels, with higher concentrations at elevated pH levels showing superior antimicrobial effects but also potentially causing more significant damage to bacterial membranes.
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| Citric acid's disadvantage as an antimicrobial agent is limited efficacy at low pH levels, potentially reducing its effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria compared to higher pH levels. | |
| Citric acid's cytotoxicity, even at diluted concentrations, poses a disadvantage when used as an antimicrobial agent in endodontic treatment, despite its effective antibacterial properties. | |
| Citric acid induces antibiotic tolerance by altering bacterial metabolism and oxidative stress, reducing bactericidal activity. Reversal is possible with specific metabolites. | |
| Not addressed in the paper. |
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