How are photodiodes used in aircraft?5 answersPhotodiodes find various applications in aircraft systems. They are utilized in electro-optic photodetector sensors for avionics applications, where an optical fiber guides light signals to sensors inside the aircraft. Photodiodes are also crucial in inter-aircraft optical wireless communication links, enhancing signal quality and power reception over long distances. Additionally, photodiodes are employed in photoelectric structures with memory for real-time image processing tasks in airborne reconnaissance missions, offering intelligent surveillance capabilities without the need for computer processing. Furthermore, photodiodes serve in measuring boundary layer transition onset, vehicle roll rate, and roll position during reentry vehicle flights, providing essential data on flight performance. Overall, photodiodes play vital roles in avionics, communication, surveillance, and flight performance monitoring in aircraft systems.
What are the external sensors (digital cameras and event cameras) and advangteges, limitations used in functional training applications?5 answersEvent cameras are novel bio-inspired vision sensors that capture brightness changes asynchronously, providing high temporal resolution, low latency, low power consumption, and high dynamic range. However, event cameras cannot be directly applied to computational imaging tasks due to the inability to obtain high-quality intensity and events simultaneously. To overcome this limitation, a connection can be established between event cameras and modern intensity cameras through multi-modal stereo matching tasks. By converting events to reconstructed images and extending existing stereo networks, the advantages of both sensors can be utilized. Self-supervised methods can be employed to train multi-modal stereo networks without using ground truth disparity data, leading to improved performance and robustness. The aligned events and intensity images can be employed in downstream tasks such as video interpolation applications.
How does photoplethysmography signal work?5 answersPhotoplethysmography (PPG) is an optical measurement technique that converts light information into an electrical signal to measure physiological parameters. The PPG signal is obtained by measuring the volumetric changes in blood due to light absorption. It is a quasi-periodic signal that provides insights into the dynamics of physiological systems. However, the PPG signal is highly sensitive to external stimuli such as temperature variation, measurement site position, and applied pressure. These factors can affect the morphology, amplitudes, and offset of the PPG signal. To analyze these changes, a classical optical model of PPG based on light scattering modulation is used. The PPG signal can be affected by motion artifacts, biological tissue differences, and other sources of noise, making its assessment challenging. To improve the quality assessment of PPG signals, methods using attractor reconstruction analysis have been proposed. These methods provide a classification of good and bad quality PPG signals segments with high accuracy.
What technologies exist to detect athletes' emotions?5 answersThere are several technologies that exist to detect athletes' emotions. One approach is the use of wearable technology such as Apple Watch Series 2 and NeuroSky MindWave headset, which can measure emotional responses through heart rate and EEG (electroencephalography) measurements. Another technology is Emotion artificial intelligence (AI), which can measure affective states and analyze psychophysiological patterns to classify athletes' flow states and predict performance. Additionally, a two-component method for remote monitoring of the health status of young athletes has been proposed, which includes monitoring physiological parameters and psychoemotional indicators through a mobile application with built-in questionnaires, medical devices, and physical activity trackers. These technologies provide objective measures of athletes' emotions and can be used to enhance training, performance, and overall well-being in sports.
What is object detection in sport events to detect ball?5 answersObject detection in sport events is the process of identifying and localizing objects, specifically balls, in sports videos. It is crucial for understanding events and actions in sports. The detection of balls in images is challenging due to their unsteady nature. Various approaches have been proposed to improve the accuracy and speed of ball detection. Hiemann et al. introduced a real-time ball detection approach based on the YOLOv3 object detection model, which integrates motion information and domain-specific knowledge to enhance detection accuracy and speed. Husemeyer et al. developed a method that uses ball and player position data measurements, possession tests, and rotation rate analysis to detect and categorize events occurring on a sports field. Liguo et al. proposed a cascaded scheme based on object level motion trajectory for sport training events classification, achieving high accuracy. Mustamo explored the use of TensorFlow Object Detection API for detecting football players in sports videos, with fine-tuning improving the model's performance. Buric et al. tested various object detection methods for handball scenes, aiming for accurate detection in challenging conditions.
How can diver cameras be used to improve safety and efficiency in diving operations?4 answersDiver cameras can improve safety and efficiency in diving operations by providing various features and functionalities. One way is through the use of omnidirectional cameras, which enable immersive experiences for remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) by capturing images that can be viewed through virtual reality (VR) headsets. This enhances the pilot's spatial awareness and reduces orientation problems during missions. Additionally, the invention of a fully sealed constant pressure underwater camera helps prolong the life of the camera and avoids the problems caused by water damping, such as low adjustment speed and large energy consumption. Furthermore, the use of a diving training device with a camera allows for training and rescue operations, improving training safety and enabling real-time monitoring and recording of the training process. Finally, an underwater camera with a self-cleaning function solves the problem of cleaning the external view field, ensuring clear and uninterrupted footage for long-time operation.