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How does feedback loop affect the development and maintenance of psychopathological disorders?

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Major depressive disorder

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Feedback loops play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of psychopathological disorders by perpetuating pathological states. In Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), various factors such as cognitive biases, brain abnormalities, and dysregulation in physiological systems interact to form nested positive feedback loops, sustaining depressive episodes . Similarly, in diseases like Alzheimer's, positive feedback loops involving oxidative stress, inflammation, glutamate, calcium, and tau contribute to disease progression, amplifying initial perturbations . These feedback loops create self-reinforcing cycles that hinder the effectiveness of treatments, as seen in the resistance to drugs in diseases like cancer . Understanding and targeting these feedback loops are essential in developing more effective therapeutic strategies for psychopathological disorders.

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Patent Message abuse sender feedback loop Christopher A. Wheeler 30 Oct 2012	Not addressed in the paper.
Journal Article•DOI Nested positive feedback loops in the maintenance of major depression: An integration and extension of previous models. Ryan Smith, Anna Alkozei, William D.S. Killgore, Richard D. Lane - Show less +3 more 01 Jan 2018-Brain Behavior and Immunity 27 Citations	Nested positive feedback loops play a crucial role in maintaining Major Depressive Disorder by interacting with cognitive biases, brain abnormalities, and dysregulation in physiological systems, potentially influencing symptom heterogeneity and treatment response.
Proceedings Article•DOI Role of the microenvironment and feedback signaling loops in stabilizing disease states Martin Beckerman 18 Mar 2009	Feedback loops in the microenvironment play crucial roles in stabilizing disease states, including psychopathological disorders, by sustaining cellular signaling that counteracts beneficial actions of treatments, hindering disease resolution.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Positive Feedback Loops in Alzheimer's Disease: The Alzheimer's Feedback Hypothesis. Andrew J. Doig 01 Jan 2018-Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 27 Citations	Positive feedback loops in Alzheimer's disease amplify initial perturbations, leading to a complex pathological state. Targeting multiple points within these loops, especially inflammation and oxidative stress, may be effective in treatment.
Patent Feedback loop for emitter flashing Pavel Adamec 22 Oct 2010 7 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.

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Can feedback loops improve pro-environmental behavior?5 answersFeedback loops can improve pro-environmental behavior. The combination of social and environmental feedbacks can promote the spread of costly pro-environmental behavior when neither, operating in isolation, would. Additionally, providing "environmental feedback" can positively impact tourists' choice of sustainable accommodations. Feedback loops in consumer behavior, such as the loop between the cost of installing rooftop solar and the installation of rooftop solar, can accelerate the transition to carbon-free technologies. Furthermore, feedback loops act as communication and control devices in both natural and socioeconomic systems, and can contribute to the effectiveness of food systems projects and activities. Overall, feedback loops play a crucial role in influencing and promoting pro-environmental behavior and sustainability.

How does feedback influence behavior?5 answersFeedback influences behavior by providing information about the value of an action and allowing individuals to adjust their strategies for performing a task. It is not the direct reinforcement mechanisms that improve behavior, but rather the ability to relieve cognitive dissonance and guilt, leading to increased engagement in life activities and higher-level mobility. Feedback has been found to affect response strategies, reducing bias and improving confidence calibration, but it does not have a significant impact on perceptual or metacognitive sensitivity. The influence of feedback on behavior can depend on the approach through which it is delivered and the preferences of the feedback receivers.

See the figure below, from Figure 4, Rwashana (2014). How many feedback loops (of each kind) are there?5 answersThere is no information provided in the abstracts about the number of feedback loops or the types of feedback loops in Figure 4 by Rwashana (2014).

Can feedback processing change through psychotherapy?5 answersFeedback processing can change through psychotherapy. Psychotherapy feedback involves comparing an individual's treatment progress to the averaged progress of all clients. However, this approach may be limited because it combines heterogeneous trajectories with clinically meaningful differences, leading to the ecological fallacy. Individualized modeling of trajectories of change in psychotherapy can provide a more nuanced understanding of client progress and likely prognosis. Feedback in clinical practice serves two essential functions: information and influence. It can be descriptive, evaluative, emotional, and interpretive. Feedback has been shown to enhance client outcomes and increase the duration of treatment. By studying the processes by which change occurs in psychotherapy, researchers have developed more effective ways of working with clients to facilitate change. Change process research is a necessary complement to randomized clinical trials and other forms of efficacy research.

What do feedback loops do in games?5 answersFeedback loops in games serve several purposes. They provide timely and well-structured feedback to learners, which can enhance engagement and support their progress. In the game industry, professionals use feedback loops to give and receive feedback during the game development process. Feedback in games can also play a role in decision-making and strategy development, as it helps learners make informed choices and improve their performance. Additionally, feedback from intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in serious games can be used to promote learning without hindering the sense of presence or immersion in the game. Overall, feedback loops in games are essential for enhancing engagement, supporting learning progress, facilitating collaboration, and improving decision-making and performance.

How do feedback loops from games work on the brain?4 answersFeedback loops from games work on the brain by providing motivation and engagement to the players, which can lead to improvements in behavior, cognition, and motor function. Games use various types of feedback, such as evaluative, comparative, and descriptive feedback, to stimulate player motivation and future play. Positive feedback boosts intrinsic motivation by satisfying competence and autonomy needs, while negative feedback motivates players to repair poor short-term performances. Games and game-like feedback modalities are used in brain-computer interface (BCI) and neurofeedback (NF) applications to help users modulate their own brain activation and control external devices. Performance-based and shared feedback are associated with higher motivation and game enjoyment. Digital games provide engagement in learning through timely and well-structured feedback, which supports the progress of learners. Overall, feedback loops in games play a crucial role in motivating players, enhancing their performance, and facilitating learning and skill acquisition.

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