What are the consequences of a loss of chromatin organisation?4 answersThe consequences of a loss of chromatin organization can have significant implications in various biological processes. Studies have shown that disruptions in chromatin structure, such as loss of heterochromatin in cellular senescence, are associated with aging and age-related disorders. Additionally, dysfunction in chromatin architecture due to aging can lead to complex physiological effects and influence the aging process. In the context of cancer, alterations in chromatin organization play a crucial role in the establishment, diversification, and therapeutic resistance of tumors, affecting gene expression and nuclear integrity. Furthermore, whole-genome doubling in cancer cells can induce loss of chromatin segregation, leading to chromatin conformation changes associated with oncogenic phenotypes. Overall, disruptions in chromatin organization can impact cellular functions, gene expression regulation, and disease development.
What can affect gene expression of abhd18?4 answersThe gene expression of ABHD18 can be influenced by various factors. For instance, in the study by He et al., it was found that the gene ARHGAP18, which plays a role in controlling angiogenesis and cellular processes, was identified through positive selection and associated with HbF levels in β-thalassaemia patients, suggesting a potential regulatory role in gene expression. Additionally, Badach's research highlighted the aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0001599 as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), indicating the impact of circRNAs on gene expression. Moreover, Seo et al. demonstrated that IL-18 exposure affected gene expression in KG-1 cells, emphasizing the role of cytokines in modulating gene expression. These studies collectively suggest that genetic, circRNA, and cytokine factors can influence ABHD18 gene expression.
How does alternative splicing affect gene expression in plants?4 answersAlternative splicing (AS) in plants plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression by generating multiple transcripts from a single gene, allowing plants to adapt to different growth stages and environmental stresses. AS causes differential modifications in messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in the retention of introns and the production of intron-retaining mRNA (mRNAir). Differentially expressed proteins translated from mRNAir perform important functions in feedback mechanisms. AS also leads to the remodeling of transcription factors (TFs) by adding or deleting binding domains, thereby activating or repressing transcription. AS is a gene regulatory mechanism that modulates gene expression in response to various developmental and environmental stimuli. It increases transcriptome plasticity and proteome complexity, controls the expression levels of certain genes, and shapes plant adaptations through nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). AS is an important layer of regulation in plant response to stress, including biotic stress, by controlling the level of factors involved in stress response and generating additional protein isoforms.
How dose glycolysis regulate gene expression?5 answersGlycolysis regulates gene expression through various mechanisms. Glucose induces histone modifications, specifically histone H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), which is associated with active gene transcription. Glycolytic enzymes and metabolites are required for this induction, as glycolysis supplies S-adenosylmethionine for histone methyltransferase Set1 to catalyze H3K4me3. Additionally, glucose inhibits histone demethylase Jhd2, which catalyzes H3K4 demethylation, leading to increased H3K4me3 levels. Glycolysis also provides acetyl-CoA, which stimulates histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 to acetylate H3K14. This acetylation inhibits the binding of Jhd2 to chromatin, further increasing H3K4me3. By repressing Jhd2-mediated H3K4 demethylation, glycolytic enzymes regulate gene expression and cell survival during aging. Overall, glycolysis plays a crucial role in coordinating gene expression through histone modifications, specifically H3K4me3, and the inhibition of histone demethylation.
What are the effect of decreased antitrombin gene expression?3 answersDecreased antithrombin gene expression has been shown to induce a global genetic reprogramming of endothelial cells, leading to changes in gene expression patterns. This includes the down-regulation of genes with proangiogenic functions in endothelial cells, such as cell-surface and matrix proteoglycans and mitogenesis-related signaling proteins. On the other hand, up-regulated genes in response to decreased antithrombin gene expression are known for their antiangiogenic functions, including the promotion of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. These findings suggest that the antiangiogenic activity of antithrombin is mediated, at least in part, by alterations in gene expression in endothelial cells.
Does histone methylation always result in decreased gene expression?9 answers