Can carboxymethyl chitosan control the crystal structure of calcium phosphate?5 answersCarboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) has shown the ability to influence the crystal structure of calcium phosphate. Studies have demonstrated that CMC can stabilize calcium ions and phosphate groups, leading to the formation of an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) structure in cement-based materials. Additionally, the incorporation of chitosan into calcium phosphate layers affects the physico-chemical properties and adherence strength of the composite layers, altering the crystalline structure of calcium phosphate. Furthermore, the degree of deacetylation of chitosan, concentration of simulated body fluid, and mineralization time have been found to impact the composition, structure, and crystallinity of calcium phosphate biomimetically deposited on chitosan, influencing osteoblast cell growth. These findings collectively suggest that carboxymethyl chitosan can indeed control the crystal structure of calcium phosphate in various applications.
Does chitosan form Vesicles?5 answersChitosan has been shown to play a crucial role in the formation of vesicles in various studies. Research has demonstrated that chitosan can facilitate the isolation of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from different biofluids, highlighting its potential as a clinically amenable isolation method. Additionally, a study combined chitosan with anionic surfactant sodium oleate to form complex vesicles in a wider pH range, showcasing the ability of chitosan to contribute to vesicle formation. Moreover, chitosan has been utilized in liposome formation, where it demonstrated exceptional advantages in drug delivery as a liposome cover, emphasizing its role in vesicle structures. Overall, chitosan's involvement in vesicle formation across different studies underscores its significance in this process.
The nucleation of a new calcium phosphate phase on the surface of chitosan, enhances control over mineralisation?4 answersThe nucleation of a new calcium phosphate phase on the surface of chitosan indeed enhances control over mineralization. Chitosan films coated with porous calcium phosphate showed the induction of growth and nucleation of the coating, providing oriented crystals and qualitative control over calcium phosphate phases. Similarly, in modified simulated body fluids, chitosan substrates facilitated the nucleation and growth of bone-like hydroxyapatite, with chitosan controlling the size of the calcium phosphate clusters. Moreover, chitosan grafted with polyvinylsulfonic acid acted as an efficient modifier of crystal morphology, controlling the nucleation, polymorphs, and morphology of CaCO3 crystals. These findings collectively demonstrate that the interaction between chitosan and calcium phosphate phases enhances control over mineralization processes, offering potential applications in biomaterial development.
How does the pH level affect the chemical properties of chitosan and pentasano tripolyphosphate?5 answersThe pH level significantly influences the chemical properties of chitosan and pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Chitosan exhibits the highest radiolabeling yield at pH=9.3-10.4, while water-soluble chitosan shows the highest yield at pH > 5. Moreover, the formation and protein encapsulation efficiency of chitosan nanoparticles are affected by pH, with smaller particles formed at lower pH and higher encapsulation efficiency observed at higher pH values. On the other hand, pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) plays a crucial role in crosslinking chitosan, with the pH of the TPP solution influencing the properties of chitosan nanoparticles, such as size, yield, and encapsulation efficiency. Therefore, pH levels play a vital role in modulating the chemical properties and applications of chitosan and TPP in various fields.
Is chitosane a polyelectrolyte?4 answersChitosan is a polyelectrolyte.
Does the particle size and phase of precipitated calcium carbonate depend on the size of the anion?5 answersThe particle size and phase of precipitated calcium carbonate can be influenced by various factors, but the size of the anion does not appear to be one of them. Several studies have investigated the synthesis of calcium carbonate and its particle size distribution. Tong et al. found that the pH value and reaction conditions affect the particle size and phase composition of calcium carbonate, but they did not mention the size of the anion. Follmann et al. also studied the production of precipitated calcium carbonate and identified the specific molar energy input as the controlling parameter for particle size, but they did not mention the size of the anion. Minkowicz et al. investigated the polymorphism of precipitated calcium carbonate and the factors affecting particle shape and crystal state, but they did not mention the size of the anion. Therefore, based on the available information, it can be concluded that the particle size and phase of precipitated calcium carbonate do not depend on the size of the anion.