How Climate Change Affects Aviation Industry in technical aspect?5 answersClimate change impacts the aviation industry in various technical aspects. Rising temperatures lead to reduced aircraft performance, affecting takeoff weights and distances. The industry is striving for climate neutrality, focusing on alternative fuels and infrastructure modifications. Aviation's significant emissions contribute to global radiative forcing, prompting decarbonization efforts through Sustainable Aviation Fuels and industry-wide collaboration. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in aviation faces challenges due to technical limitations and jurisdictional complexities, with international and state-level initiatives aiming to regulate emissions through standards and market mechanisms. Understanding these technical and regulatory challenges is crucial for the industry to adapt to climate change and achieve sustainable operations.
How does high temperature affect on human performence?5 answersHigh temperature has negative effects on human performance. It impairs both physical and mental productivity, including cognition, learning, and task performance. The impact of extreme temperatures on performance differs across social and economic factors. Relative humidity also plays a role, with performance being more affected by humidity under high temperature conditions. Fresh air can compensate for performance loss caused by temperature increase at high temperature. The human body adjusts to extreme temperatures to maintain a stable core body temperature, but any deviations from thermoneutral conditions can lead to decreased endurance and sports performance. In uncomfortably warm environments, individuals may need to exert more effort to maintain their performance. Overall, high temperature has detrimental effects on human performance, and these effects can be exacerbated by factors such as humidity and CO2 levels.
How does temperature affect industrial sector?3 answersTemperature has a significant impact on the industrial sector. High temperatures negatively affect worker productivity and manufacturing output, leading to economic losses. The magnitude of these losses can be economically significant, with a reduction of 2 percent of daily output per degree Celsius. Temperature control is crucial in industries such as metallurgy and chemical manufacturing to maintain optimal conditions and prevent the wastage of raw materials. Climate change and extreme weather events pose challenges to various industrial sectors, with potential disruptions in production and increased costs, particularly in the mining, construction, and electricity industries. Extreme temperatures also affect companies' earnings, with both positive and negative impacts observed across different industries. In the Chinese manufacturing sector, high temperatures reduce total factor productivity (TFP), which is the primary driver behind output losses. Overall, temperature fluctuations have wide-ranging effects on the industrial sector, including worker productivity, output, profitability, and economic growth.
What are the consequences of high temperatures?5 answersHigh temperatures have various consequences. They can lead to increased mortality and hospital visits, particularly among the elderly and vulnerable groups such as low-income elderly and people with dementia. Hyperthermia can cause short-term neurological and cognitive dysfunction, especially in the central nervous system. Exposure to high temperatures can also affect the body condition of certain bird populations, leading to reduced body mass and increased mortality. In salmon, elevated water temperatures can result in disturbances in osmoregulatory homeostasis, stress responses, and premature mortality during migration. High temperatures are also associated with excess mortality and morbidity, including heat stroke, communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases.
What are the temperatures that a hypersonic vehicle might encounter in flight?5 answersHypersonic vehicles can encounter high temperatures during flight. The temperatures can vary depending on the flight Mach number. At Mach 5, temperatures start to increase significantly, and between Mach 4 and 6, temperatures can double. Between Mach 4 and 9, temperatures can quadruple. The extreme temperatures encountered at hypersonic velocities require the use of thermal protection systems (TPS) to protect the vehicle. The selection and sizing of the TPS are determined by the heat flux, pressure, and shear stress experienced by the vehicle. The use of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic (UHTC) composites allows for sharper leading edges on the vehicle, as these materials can withstand temperatures as high as 3500 K.
How does high temperature impact supercapacitor?5 answersHigh temperature has a significant impact on supercapacitors. The utilization of quasi-solid conducting medium with superior interfacial properties is one approach to address the issue of leakage and stability at high temperatures. The improved charge diffusion kinetics and ion conductivity of the electrolytes at elevated temperatures result in high capacitances. Temperature also affects the structure and morphology of electrode materials, such as Molybdenum di-sulfide (MoS2) nanoflakes, which can enhance the supercapacitive performance. Additionally, the energy storage performance of supercapacitors can be evaluated at high temperatures and pressures, demonstrating their ability to work in harsh environments. The temperature also influences the structural, optical, electrochemical, magnetic, and sensing properties of electrode materials like MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, affecting their performance as supercapacitor electrodes. Overall, high temperature impacts the conductivity, capacitance, stability, and performance of supercapacitors.