What is the correlation between urbanization and carbon emission?5 answersUrbanization has a significant positive correlation with carbon emissions. Studies conducted in low-income and lower-middle-income countries across Asia, Africa, Middle East, and South America found that urbanization is one of the key promoters of CO2 emissions. In South Asia, the world's fastest urbanizing region, there is a significant positive relationship between urbanization and carbon emissions. In China, urbanization has had a greater impact on carbon emissions than population size since the middle 1990s. Additionally, research on OECD countries showed an inverted U-shaped nexus between urbanization and carbon emissions, with urbanization positively contributing to increased carbon emissions. These findings highlight the need for sustainable urbanization and effective policies to mitigate the effects of carbon emissions and climate change.
What impact has urbanisation had on social, economic, environmental conditions in cities?4 answersUrbanisation has had a significant impact on social, economic, and environmental conditions in cities. The process of urbanisation, driven by factors such as globalisation, rural-urban migration, and influx of migrants, has led to changes in living conditions and health status. Human settlements, including cities and towns, face numerous environmental and social challenges, such as pollution, energy demands, waste management, and food shortages, which directly affect human health and well-being. In Africa, rapid urbanisation has resulted in pressure on the environment, inadequate infrastructure, inefficient spatial development, and the proliferation of squatter settlements, leading to poor environmental sanitation and deteriorating urban health. Additionally, urbanisation and urban dynamics have been found to have a non-linear effect on environmental degradation, with economic growth and urban agglomerations influencing CO2 emissions. The impact of urbanisation on mood disorders, specifically depression, has also been observed, with increased risk associated with factors such as noise, pollution, poor housing, and diminished social networks.
What are the impact of urbanisation?5 answersUrbanization has both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, it improves social and economic aspects of people's lives. However, it also brings negative impacts, such as increased air pollution, flooding, urban heat island effect, health issues, urban poverty, crimes and violence, and traffic congestion. Urbanization affects water quality by increasing the concentration of waste materials and reducing dissolved oxygen content, as well as altering runoff patterns and decreasing groundwater table. It also has significant impacts on human rights, particularly socio-cultural-economic rights like access to medical services and adequate standard of living. Additionally, urbanization affects the health situation and life expectancy of urban dwellers, leading to problems like inadequate water and sanitation, high infant mortality, and respiratory infections.
What is the relationship between global urbanization and climate change?4 answersGlobal urbanization and climate change are closely related. Higher temperatures are found to correlate with higher urbanization rates in the long run, especially in poorer and more agriculture-dependent countries and in hotter climate zones. Urbanization leads to the heat island effect, changes in precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events, which exacerbate the consequences of global climate change. Urbanization also affects the spatial and temporal properties of precipitation, with potential implications for flood risk assessments and urban planning. Additionally, urbanization and climate change contribute to the loss and fragmentation of biodiversity, promoting conditions suitable for the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Overall, the relationship between global urbanization and climate change is complex, with urbanization influencing climate change through various mechanisms and climate change impacting urbanization patterns and environmental sustainability.
What is the relation between urbanization and increaseing the tempature?5 answersUrbanization is closely related to increasing temperatures. The process of urbanization, which involves the expansion of urban areas and the increase in impervious surfaces, dark-colored building materials, and unvegetated areas, leads to the formation of urban heat islands (UHIs). UHIs are characterized by higher temperatures in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas. Studies have shown that urbanization intensifies local and regional land surface warming, resulting in strong local warming effects for the majority of urban-dominated pixels across the globe. The warming effects of urbanization can be felt at different times of the day, seasons, and climate zones, and are closely related to surface evapotranspiration. Additionally, the expansion of urban areas contributes to the majority of the surface UHI effects, which are projected to increase in the future. Therefore, urbanization plays a significant role in increasing temperatures, particularly in highly or rapidly urbanized regions.
What is the mean UHI in european cities?5 answersThe mean Urban Heat Island (UHI) in European cities is analyzed in a dataset of 523 cities. The study examines the relationship between urban form and UHI using three UHI indicators: mean intensity, mean duration of the event, and occurrence rate. The results show that some urban morphological features have a mitigating effect on UHI, while others play a role at the adaptation level. The increase in urban air temperature compared to surrounding rural areas is attributed to the progressive modification of the land surface in urban areas. The replacement of green areas with built surfaces and high solar radiation contributes to the UHI phenomenon. Cool roof technology is identified as a passive building technology that can mitigate UHI and reduce energy consumption in buildings.