How to treat acute myeloid leukemia in france?5 answersIn France, the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) involves various regimens tailored to different patient profiles. Anthracycline-free regimens like TA, FLAG, and CLARA are utilized for patients ineligible for standard therapy due to cardiac comorbidities or prior anthracycline exposure. Additionally, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) has shown promise in treating newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML patients, with a 70% overall response rate and viable outcomes for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In elderly AML patients, low-intensity therapies like azacitidine have demonstrated efficacy, with a role in selected cases for improved overall survival compared to best supportive care. Furthermore, CNS involvement at pediatric AML diagnosis does not independently impact prognosis, with triple intrathecal chemotherapy being a recommended treatment approach. These diverse strategies highlight the importance of personalized and evolving treatment approaches for AML patients in France.
What are the laboratory tests conducted for AML?4 answersLaboratory tests for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) include various methods to detect Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) and genetic mutations. Techniques like FISH, RT-PCR, ddPCR, multiparametric flow cytometry, and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) are utilized for MRD detection in AML patients. Additionally, genetic mutations like FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD are significant in AML prognosis, with FLT3 mutations occurring in a substantial percentage of AML cases. Raman spectroscopy is also emerging as a potential tool for AML diagnostics, particularly in identifying mutations like IDH1/2, offering insights into cellular changes at a molecular level. Furthermore, expanding gene panels beyond the traditional CEPBA, FLT3, and NPM1 can provide a more comprehensive risk profile in AML cases, aiding in better prognostication and treatment decisions.
Aml and dlbcl treatments with aptamers5 answersAptamer technology has shown potential for precision therapy in the treatment of lymphoma, including anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the case of ALCL, aptamer-nanomedicine formulations have been developed for targeted chemotherapy and gene therapy. These formulations specifically bind to ALCL cells, delivering chemotherapeutic drugs and siRNA to silence the ALK oncogene, resulting in effective killing of lymphoma cells with minimal toxicity to off-target cells. In the case of AML, combination therapies using aptamers have been explored to target apoptosis. Screening studies have identified potential drug pairings that show significant synergism in AML cell lines, providing insights into novel combination treatments for AML. Overall, aptamer technology holds promise for the development of targeted and effective treatments for lymphoma, including AML and ALCL.
What is cell isolation in AML?5 answersCell isolation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) refers to the process of separating specific cells from a sample potentially containing various cells in order to study their characteristics and functions. Several methods have been developed for isolating cells in AML, including the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and single cell genomics. EV trafficking plays a crucial role in shaping the bone marrow microenvironment into a leukemia-permissive niche, and different isolation methods have been tested for their efficacy and compatibility with functional assays. Single cell genomics has allowed for the characterization of cellular heterogeneity in AML, providing opportunities for studying disease biology and clinical management. These methods have enabled researchers to identify and track genetically distinct subclones in individual AML patients, which can have different regulatory phenotypes, drug sensitivities, and growth behaviors. Overall, cell isolation techniques in AML are essential for understanding the complexity of the disease and developing targeted treatments.
AML and CML?5 answersAML and CML are both types of leukemia. AML, or Acute Myeloid Leukemia, is a blood cell disorder that arises from gene mutations involved in hematopoiesis. It can develop de novo or progress from myeloproliferative disorders or myelodysplastic syndrome. CML, or Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid progenitors and is associated with the cytochrome P450 enzyme. LSCs, or leukemic stem cells, play a role in both AML and CML and can be refractory to standard therapies. The prevalence of CYP1A1*2C polymorphism in AML and CML patients was studied, but no significant differences were found in the genotypes. A CNN combined with transfer learning was used to classify and diagnose AML, ALL, and CML based on bone marrow cell microscopy images, resulting in improved accuracy compared to manual microscopy. Overall, understanding the characteristics and markers of LSCs in AML and CML is important for developing targeted therapies.
Wich Biomarker used for AML?4 answersBiomarkers used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) include measurable residual disease (MRD), Schlafen11 (SLFN11), proteomic biomarker panels, and ITGAX. MRD is a strong prognostic marker in AML, with MRD-negative patients having lower relapse rates and better survival. SLFN11 has been associated with response to chemotherapy agents in AML, and low SLFN11 levels predict poor response to standard chemotherapy agents. Proteomic biomarker panels have the potential to improve the prognostic classification of AML patients. ITGAX has been identified as a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for AML. These biomarkers can provide valuable information for assessing treatment response, predicting outcomes, and guiding therapeutic decisions in AML.