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How is ecological footprint of a city calculated? 

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Ecological Footprint calculation scheme can be modified to include the depletion of natural capital due to local activities such as industry, agriculture, tertiary sector, transport, waste and water management.
The results of the study show that urbanization increases the ecological footprint, but the moderating effects of economic growth and urbanization reduce the ecological footprint, reducing environmental degradation in Next-11 countries.
The study contributes to research on the effect of the interaction between economic growth and urbanization on the ecological footprint.
As the interpretation of the biodiversity footprint can differ from the ecological footprint, the inclusion of impacts on biodiversity should be considered in the footprint calculation of products.
An ecological footprint analysis can highlight how near or far a company is from being sustainable and identify those aspects that have the greatest ecological effect.
The domestic ecological footprint of consumption (or production) was obviously influenced by the ecological footprint of consumption (or production), income and biocapacity in neighborhood countries.
In conclusion, the ecological footprint offers new insights into regional sustainability and what a sustainable society might look like.
This model is unique from other ecological footprint models in the sense that it allows, for the first time, a simultaneous assessment of the flows and stocks of natural capital at the regional and land levels.
On the basis of these results, we argue that the ecological footprint is a viable technique for transportation and land-use planning applications.
The input–output approach provides a consistent means of calculating an ecological footprint using data collected as part of the system of national accounts in most developed countries.
The results confirm that urban form appears as the main determinant of ecological footprint variation among the municipalities of BMR.
Component analysis on the trends of the ecological footprint and ecological deficit reveals that the impact on the ecosystem induced by humans’ demands for resource production and energy consumption became greater than before, and cutting down the consumption of fossil fuels could reduce the carbon footprint and the overall ecological deficit of the city.
The results indicated that the proposed indicator D ef could identify the outward extension of a city’s ecological footprint with the city’s rapid expansion.
Long-term observation of the urban ecological footprint will present useful knowledge of anthropogenic impact on and sustainable solutions for cities.
According to the results, the method also shows how inappropriate it is to consider the population as a way to distribute the ecological footprint; there are relevant differences between the weight of the population in municipalities and their generated footprint.
It offers planners, policy-makers, and community leaders an accessible, straight forward, and cost effective strategy for estimating the ecological footprint at the community and municipal level.
This analysis provides evidence that the Ecological Footprint is a meaningful ecological indicator which can be compared to equivalent measures of the appropriation of ecosystem productive capacity and land use pressures.
Local ecological footprint measurements appear to be in a position to support urban planner policy decisions.