How does the concentration level of kamias as stain remover?5 answersThe concentration level of kamias as a stain remover is not explicitly mentioned in the provided contexts. However, various stain removers discussed in the contexts include benzyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, triglycerides, glycerine esters, free fatty acids, effective microorganisms, amylase, and lipase. These components are used in different formulations to create effective stain removers with specific properties. For instance, a stain remover mixture may contain 2% benzyl alcohol and 98% 2-ethoxyethanol, while another formulation includes effective microorganisms, amylase, and lipase in specific proportions. The concentration of kamias, a common ingredient in stain removers, would depend on the specific formulation and intended use, which may vary based on the type of stains being targeted and the desired cleaning efficacy.
Do baking soda and calamansi have similar effects on stain removal?5 answersBaking soda has been found to be effective in removing stains from teeth and improving their appearance. Studies have shown that the combined use of baking soda and electric toothbrushing has a better stain-removing effect compared to toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice. Baking soda solution has also been found to be effective in reducing stain and plaque index on the teeth, particularly in individuals with betel-chewing habit. Additionally, toothpaste containing baking soda has been shown to be more effective than non-baking soda toothpaste in reducing tooth stains in smokers. Baking soda-based dentifrices have been found to be effective and safe for tooth stain removal and whitening, with some studies showing their superiority over non-baking soda dentifrices. Furthermore, chewing gums containing baking soda have been found to significantly reduce extrinsic tooth stain and improve the whitened appearance of teeth. However, there is no mention of calamansi in any of the abstracts provided, so it is unclear whether it has similar effects on stain removal.
What are the limitations of chlorine dioxide in water disinfection?5 answersChlorine dioxide (ClO2) has limitations in water disinfection. It can interact with organic matter in water, leading to the formation of disinfection by-products that are harmful to human health. Additionally, the use of ClO2 for irrigation water disinfection can result in the accumulation of chlorates in crops and a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency. Furthermore, studies have shown that chlorine, including ClO2, can generate disinfection by-products and potentially contribute to the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in water and wastewater treatment. In the disinfection of drinking water, ClO2 can form chlorite as an inorganic by-product, and its formation can be influenced by the presence of reductive inorganics and natural organic matter. These limitations highlight the need for alternative disinfection methods and the careful consideration of ClO2 dosage to avoid negative impacts on human health and the environment.
What is the effective concentration for stain removal of 100%, 70%, and 30% bleach? Of water?5 answersThe effective concentration for stain removal of bleach varies depending on the specific bleach used. In the provided abstracts, the concentration of bleach is mentioned in two papers. Abel and Berger state that their stain removing composition contains 15 to 35 percent by weight of an anionic surfactant, while Huang Yuan's color bleaching water includes 8-12 parts of hydrogen peroxide. However, the specific concentrations of 100%, 70%, and 30% bleach are not mentioned in these abstracts. As for water, it is mentioned in the abstract by Maeno Junichi and Okumura Tatsuya that their stain remover consists mainly of 60-20wt.% of water. Again, the specific concentrations of 100%, 70%, and 30% water are not mentioned. Therefore, the effective concentrations for stain removal of 100%, 70%, and 30% bleach, as well as water, are not provided in the abstracts.
What is the effective concentration of bleach for stain removal?5 answersThe effective concentration of bleach for stain removal varies depending on the specific context. In the study by Simpson and Riggs, it was found that low bleach concentration was more satisfactory than high concentration for stain removal on cotton fabrics. However, in the study by Broome, it was suggested that higher concentrations of carbamide peroxide (up to 35%) may be necessary for stubborn stains. Additionally, the study by Hashemikamangar found that the home-bleaching technique was more effective than office-bleaching for stain removal on composite resins. Therefore, the effective concentration of bleach for stain removal can vary depending on the material being treated and the specific stain being targeted.
What is the effective concentration for stain removal of 100%, ? Of extract?3 answersThe effective concentration for stain removal of 100% extract is mentioned in the abstract by Ita Astit Karmawati et al.. The study conducted an experiment on 31 people with extrinsic stains on their teeth and applied strawberry extract with a concentration of 100% twice a day for 5 consecutive days. The results showed a significant decrease in the extrinsic stain scores after treatment on day 2. Another study by Ita Yulita et al. compared the effectiveness of different concentrations of strawberry extract for stain removal. The results showed that the highest concentration of 100% extract gave the largest decrease in stain scores. Therefore, both studies suggest that a concentration of 100% extract is effective for stain removal.