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How much estrogen should a woman take? 

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Estrogen levels in breast tumors of post-menopausal women are as much as 10 times higher than estrogen levels in plasma, presumably due to in situ formation of estrogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Robert F. Harrison, John Bonnar 
12 Citations
Estrogen therapy should be used with caution, and benefits should be weighed against the hazards.
Inclusion of the measurement of 16α-hydroxyestrone should yield a more accurate assessment of estrogen metabolism.
Both theoretical arguments and clinical experience support the use of doses of estrogen that would be physiological for a biological woman but, nevertheless, do allow feminization.
Journal ArticleDOI
R. X.-D. Song, Richard J. Santen 
01 Jan 2003-Apoptosis
109 Citations
The effects of estrogen are estrogen-receptor dependent.
Greater use of certain prescription medications by estrogen users than by nonusers should be considered in studying the health effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
Women without a uterus should take estrogen alone.
Women who do take estrogen replacement therapy show a markedly reduced risk for developing complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as well as a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures.
It seems that for optimal results in an OD program, estrogen stimulation should be kept at between 12 and 19 days.
The persistence rate for estrogen therapy is poor, implying that few women take it long enough to benefit from it.
Estrogen receptor studies should be included in evaluating cancers of unknown origin in female patients.
The results suggest that a single application should give sufficient estrogen substitution for more than a year.

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