How to detect water oxidation and water oxidizers?
Best insight from top research papers
Water oxidation and the detection of water oxidizers can be achieved using various methods. One method involves the use of ion chromatography (IC) for detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) . This method has a wide calibration scope, consistent slopes, and a low method detection limit, making it superior to conventional colorimetric methods. Another method utilizes a kit containing ferrous ammonium sulfate and potassium permanganate reagents for rapid outdoor detection of residual oxidants in water . This kit is cost-effective, convenient to carry, and provides real-time determination of results. Additionally, a screening approach based on oxygen-sensitive fluorescence quenching using an OxoDish has been developed for the identification of molecular catalysts for water oxidation . This approach allows for the screening of catalysts under acidic and neutral conditions. Furthermore, spectroelectro-chemical analysis can be employed to compare the water oxidation reaction kinetics between molecular catalysts and heterogeneous electrocatalysts . These analyses reveal distinct kinetics and performance differences between the two types of catalysts. Finally, a method involving the use of an organic solvent and a platinum electrode has been developed for measuring oxidizing metallic ions in water . This method offers simple operation, high sensitivity, and low cost for measuring metallic ions with oxidizing properties in industrial sewage.
Answers from top 4 papers
More filters
| Papers (4) | Insight |
|---|---|
| The provided paper describes a method for measuring oxidizing metallic ions in water using an organic solvent and electrochemical analysis. It does not specifically mention the detection of water oxidation or water oxidizers. | |
| The paper describes a screening approach for the identification of water oxidation catalysts using oxygen-sensitive fluorescence quenching. It does not provide information on how to detect water oxidation or water oxidizers. | |
27 Aug 2020 10 Citations | The provided paper does not specifically discuss the detection of water oxidation or water oxidizers. It focuses on the evaluation and comparison of two analytical methods for detecting hydrogen peroxide in water. |
Patent 29 Apr 2015 1 Citations | The provided paper does not provide information on how to detect water oxidation or water oxidizers. |
Related Questions
What are the most used advanced oxidation processes for water treatment?5 answersThe most commonly used advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water treatment include UV/Cl2, UV/NH2Cl, UV/ClO2, and UV/peracetic acid (PAA). These AOPs rely on the generation of free radicals through UV photolysis to degrade pollutants efficiently. Additionally, AOPs like Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+), photo-Fenton (H2O2/UV/Fe2+), and electro-Fenton are also widely utilized for the remediation of organic contaminants in wastewater. AOPs generate reactive free radical species like H ● , OH ● , HOO ● , SO 4 •, which attack organic and inorganic compounds, enhancing biodegradation and minimizing toxicity in wastewater. Furthermore, researchers are exploring strategies to intensify UV-AOPs by optimizing operational parameters, developing photocatalytic materials, and integrating different UV-AOPs for pollutant treatment. These advancements aim to increase efficiency and reduce operational costs, making AOPs more feasible for industrial-scale water treatment.
How to detect BPA in water?4 answersBisphenol A (BPA) can be detected in water using various methods. One approach is the use of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) integrated onto a paper-based analytical device (PAD) for colorimetric detection. This MIP-PAD platform showed high selectivity and sensitivity for BPA, with a limit of detection and quantification of 0.03 μg/mL and 0.10 μg/mL, respectively. Another method involves the use of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) as a fluorescent sensing platform for BPA detection. SiNPs can be quenched by the product formed when BPA is oxidized by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This method demonstrated a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.69 μM and was successfully applied to the determination of BPA in mineral drinking water, orange juice, and milk. Additionally, an electrochemical biosensor using gold nanoparticles-loaded magnetic reduced graphene oxide ([email protected]) and methylene blue (MB)-loaded gold nanoparticles ([email protected]) was developed for BPA detection. This biosensor showed a low detection limit of 0.141 pg/mL and was successfully applied to the detection of real environmental water samples. Finally, an upconversion nanoparticle-based aptasensor integrated with a microfluidic chip was designed for the determination of BPA in foodstuff. This method showed good linearity for BPA in the range of 0.02-100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.014 ng/mL.
How proton is released from oxidation of water?3 answersProton release during the oxidation of water in photosystem II (PSII) occurs through multiple pathways. The Cl channel is involved in proton transfer during the S2 → S3 transition, while it likely serves as the single pathway for proton exit during the S3 → S0 transition. Point mutations in amino acid residues surrounding the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in PSII, such as D1-D61 and D2-K317, significantly affect the proton-transfer mechanism and hinder the water oxidation reaction. The sequential removal of protons from the active site of H2O-oxidation facilitates the multistep oxidation of water at the Mn4CaOx cluster in PSII. The number of protons released during each S-state transition in PSII has been estimated to be 1.1:0.3:1.0:1.6 for the S0 → S1 → S2 → S3 → S0 transitions. Overall, proton release is an integral part of overcoming the kinetic and thermodynamic obstacles in water oxidation and plays a crucial role in maintaining charge balance and facilitating the forward reaction of dioxygen chemistry.
What happened during oil oxidation?5 answersDuring oil oxidation, several processes occur that lead to the deterioration of the oil. These processes include autoxidation, photosensitized oxidation, hydrolytic rancidity, and oxidative rancidity. Autoxidation and photosensitized oxidation involve the reaction of oxygen with the oil, resulting in the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and off-flavor compounds. In the case of low temperature oxidation (LTO) reaction, oxygen reacts with crude oil to produce water, carbon dioxide, and oxygenated hydrocarbons such as carboxylic acid, alcohol, and phenol. Alkylphenols in crude oils can also be affected by oxidation, resulting in significant alterations of their distributions. Oxidative rancidity, in particular, leads to the formation of unpalatable and toxic compounds, making it nutritionally undesirable. To test the oxidation stability of oil products, a method involving the addition of metal ions, organic acidity, and hydrogen peroxide, followed by infrared absorption spectrum analysis, has been developed.
How to measure oxidative stress in blood?4 answersOxidative stress in blood can be measured using various assays and biomarkers. Assays such as measuring degradation products of in vivo oxidation, such as malondialdehyde and isoprostane, can provide information about oxidative stress levels. Additionally, the total oxygen radical scavenging capacity of blood can be assessed to evaluate antioxidant defense. Biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels can also be measured to assess antioxidant activity. Protein carbonyls, oxysterols, and heme degradation products are other markers that can indicate oxidative damage to proteins. Furthermore, the redox status of peroxiredoxins in blood cells can serve as a marker of oxidative stress. These markers can be measured in different tissues and compartments, providing valuable information about the overall redox status in the body.
What are the most commonly used methods for measuring oxidative stress in blood?4 answersThe most commonly used methods for measuring oxidative stress in blood include measuring free radicals and active species by flow cytometry, determining the total antioxidant capacity of body fluids, measuring the oxidation products of macromolecules, determining the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and changing the expression of genes related to the antioxidant system. Other methods include inducing blood cells to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and measuring the fluorescence intensity of a fluorescent dye or color intensity of dye that reacts with ROS. Techniques like HPLC, GC-MS, GC, HPLC-ECD, electron spin resonance, fluorescence microplate reader, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy have been used to measure oxidative species and specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. Assays for measuring degradation products of in vivo oxidation, total oxygen radical scavenging capacity of blood, antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant proteins are also commonly used.