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In comparison to the isotropic UHMWPE microporous membrane, the oriented UHMWPE microporous membrane provides low tortuous paths across the membrane and produces high water permeability.
Because of this, considerable savings might be achieved in future stability evaluations by taking into account the shear capacity of spray-applied waterproofing membranes applied between both linings.
The concrete material of the structures is exposed to wet conditions for longer periods of time, which makes the proper adhesion of waterproofing membranes difficult.
Overlapping plate-like structures on the outer surface of the fully formed vitelline membrane may provide waterproofing.
Open accessJournal Article
01 Apr 1991-Civil Engineering
5 Citations
Membranes are not easy to install well, but will last far longer than most researchers had originally thought.
It was found that membrane pore size and morphology underneath the membrane surface play more important roles to mitigate membrane wetting as compared to membrane wall thickness.
In contrast to the significant wetting of bare PTFE membrane due to the adsorption of wetting agent on membrane surface, the composite membrane exhibited satisfactory antiwettability and desalination stability.
The decrease in membrane resistance was attributed to improved membrane hydration.
From the test result, the structural performance of the sprayable waterproofing membrane considered in this study showed a performance that could be used as a permanent support material.

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What is the effective concentraion of carbon dots in cells for drug delivery?
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How does the titration method compare to other techniques for studying the adsorption of acetic acid on activated carbon?
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How to relate the metal organic framework (MOF) with FO performance?
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) play a crucial role in enhancing various performances, including photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance, mechanical properties, separation science, and gas sensing capabilities. For instance, MOFs can improve PEC performance by inhibiting electron-hole recombination through self-supplying electrons within the framework. Additionally, MOFs exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, such as high tensile strain and yield strength-to-Young's modulus ratio, making them suitable for biomechanics integrated systems and flexible electronics. In separation science, homomesoporous MOFs show excellent mass transfer capability and strong thermodynamic interactions, enhancing the efficiency of electrochromatographic separations. Furthermore, NiO-based MOF composites are utilized in gas sensors, demonstrating selective responses and stable performance towards analytes like carbon monoxide. These diverse applications highlight the versatility and potential of MOFs in improving various functional performances.
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What are the haemotoxicity of Carbon Dots in vitro?
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The haemotoxicity of Carbon Dots (CDs) and Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) in vitro, as derived from the provided contexts, reveals a nuanced understanding of their interaction with biological systems, particularly concerning their impact on blood components. The studies collectively indicate that while CDs and CQDs exhibit promising biocompatibility and potential therapeutic applications, their haemotoxic effects, when present, are minimal and highly dependent on specific conditions such as concentration, cell type, and exposure duration. From the provided contexts, only one directly addresses haemotoxicity, indicating that the antibacterial functional CDs prepared from chitosan derivatives exhibit low haemolytic effects, suggesting minimal haemotoxicity to human normal hepatocytes. This finding is crucial as it highlights the potential of CDs for biomedical applications, including antibacterial treatments, without significant adverse effects on blood cells. The low haemolytic effect implies that these CDs do not significantly disrupt the integrity of red blood cells, a critical factor in evaluating the safety of nanomaterials for medical applications. Other contexts, while not directly addressing haemotoxicity, contribute to the overall understanding of CDs' biocompatibility and safety profile. For instance, studies have shown that CDs possess high biocompatibility, with no significant cytotoxic effects observed in various cell types, including liver cells, macrophages, and breast cancer cell lines, under certain conditions. Additionally, the therapeutic application of CQDs in immunomodulation without cytotoxicity or in vivo damage further supports their safety. Moreover, the absence of significant toxic effects in acute and subacute toxicity experiments with mice underscores the potential non-toxic nature of CDs. In summary, the haemotoxicity of CDs and CQDs appears to be minimal, with specific studies indicating low haemolytic effects under certain conditions. This, combined with their high biocompatibility and safety profile in various biological systems, suggests that CDs and CQDs could be safe for biomedical applications, although the specific conditions under which they are used must be carefully considered to ensure safety.
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