How to test heat sensitivity test for bioplastics?5 answersHeat sensitivity testing for bioplastics can be performed using various methods. One approach is to use a flow-calorimetric biosensor system called the enzyme thermistor (ET). This system measures the reaction heat in a small column containing immobilized biocatalyst, making it suitable for monitoring and control of biotechnological processes. Another method involves using a mass spectrometry-based methodology to study the early stages of heat-induced aggregation in biopolymers. This approach allows for the monitoring of conformational changes and formation of oligomers as a function of temperature. Additionally, a heat-sensitive recording material can be used, which includes a crosslinked biopolymer material in the form of nanoparticles as a binder. These nanoparticles can be incorporated into the material to test its heat sensitivity. Overall, these methods provide ways to test the heat sensitivity of bioplastics and understand their behavior under different temperature conditions.
How can the heat resistance of a bioplastic be tested?4 answersThe heat resistance of a bioplastic can be tested using a heat resistance testing device. This device consists of a supporting module, testing modules, and a control module. The testing modules include heating rods, stirring rods, and temperature probes, which are controlled by the main machine and motors in the control module. The device allows for automatic testing, reducing personal error and improving efficiency. Another method for testing heat resistance is by using a heat resistance tester, which includes a box with two air cylinders, electric heating plates, and polytetrafluoroethylene layers. The polytetrafluoroethylene layers prevent adhesion between the test article and the electric heating plates, allowing for increased test temperature and shorter testing time.
How microwave pyrolysis is used to produce bio-oil from banana peels?5 answersMicrowave-assisted pyrolysis is used to produce bio-oil from banana peels. The banana peel biochar (BPB) is prepared through microwave-assisted pyrolysis, and it is found to have a high adsorption capacity for malachite green (MG) dye. This process involves the use of functionalized BPB, which exhibits excellent adsorption properties for MG dye. The adsorption mechanism of MG dye on BPB includes hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, n-π interaction, and ion exchange. Additionally, microwave-assisted pyrolysis has been shown to be a low-cost approach for producing sorbents from biomass, and banana peel is a promising feedstock for biochar production. Therefore, microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a viable method for converting banana peels into bio-oil, which can have potential applications in various industries.
How to know moisture content in bioplastic?4 answersMoisture content in bioplastics can be determined by measuring the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the material. The EMC of bioplastics can be influenced by factors such as temperature and relative humidity. Increasing relative humidity generally leads to an increase in EMC, while increasing temperature tends to decrease EMC. The effect of relative humidity on EMC is greater than the effect of temperature. Different bioplastic materials may have varying responses to changes in relative humidity. For example, Mater-Bi and Chitosan show a significant increase in EMC with increasing relative humidity, while Ecoflex, Bioflex, and Bi-OPL have smaller changes in EMC with relative humidity. Mathematical models can also be used to quantify the water absorption behavior of bioplastics over time.
Literature reviews on moisture content measurement using microwaves?5 answersMoisture content measurement using microwaves has been the subject of several literature reviews. Matveev discusses the wide possibilities and advantages of microwave methods for measuring humidity in various products. McGuinness presents a study on measuring moisture content in bauxite ore using microwaves, focusing on phase shifts and signal attenuation. Rotta et al. provide a classification of moisture sensing systems and their applications, including soil and vegetation moisture measurement. Al-Rawi describes the development of a moisture-measuring instrument for large grains based on microwave propagation. Gallardo et al. present a system for measuring moisture content in wood samples using microwave propagation at 35-45 GHz, with a focus on phase delay and attenuation constants. These literature reviews provide valuable insights into the different methods and applications of microwave-based moisture content measurement.
How to determine ash content in bioplastic?5 answersThe ash content in bioplastic can be determined using various methods. One approach is to use X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis. This method has been used to characterize different biomass feedstocks, including stem wood, hemp, grape, and olive residues. Calibration models can be constructed using partial least squares (PLS) regression to accurately predict the ash content, as well as the content of other ash-related elements such as phosphorous, aluminium, potassium, silica, calcium, sodium, and magnesium. Interval PLS and variable importance on projection scores can be used to select relevant energy intervals (bins) for improved predictive accuracy and interpretation of the models.