What are the different methods of flour milling?4 answersDifferent methods of flour milling include roller milling, pin milling, hammer milling, and traditional stone milling. Roller milling, pin milling, and hammer milling were studied for their effects on proso-millet and teff flour properties, revealing differences in particle size distribution, starch damage, and flowability. Additionally, a wheat flour milling method was developed involving wetting, peeling, grinding, and bolting to produce flour with varying protein contents. A novel flour production method addressed issues of manual labor and grinding efficiency, utilizing specific equipment for screening, cleaning, grinding, and packaging operations. The overall processes for wheat flour milling, including debranning, roller milling, sifting, and purifying, were outlined for various grains like durum wheat, rye, maize, and millets.
How to decrease protein color by milling?5 answersTo decrease protein color by milling, various methods can be employed based on the research findings. One approach involves utilizing an efficient alkali extraction process followed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and heat to reduce color prior to spray drying. Another method includes bleaching with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, which has been shown to transfer over 40% of the protein in wheat fiber into a bleached wheat protein fraction, resulting in color elimination and flavor enhancement. Additionally, cryogenic jet milling has been explored to micronize proteins, achieving particle size reduction and potentially affecting color, chemical stability, and bioactivity of the proteins. These methods highlight the diverse strategies available to decrease protein color through milling processes.
What are the compounds in raw squash seed?4 answersRaw squash seeds contain a variety of compounds with nutritional and bioactive properties. These compounds include fatty acids, minerals, amino acids, fiber, proteins, β-carotene, and other bioactive components. The seeds are rich in elements like potassium, calcium, magnesium, and silicon, along with essential fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Additionally, the seeds contain bioactive compounds like tocopherols, sterols, and phenolic compounds, contributing to their high nutritional value and potential health benefits. Studies have shown that squash seeds can be a valuable source of macronutrients and bioactive compounds, making them suitable for use in food products and potentially beneficial for human health.
How does curcumin make bonds with phosphoryllated starch?5 answersCurcumin forms bonds with phosphorylated starch through hydrogen bonding, as suggested by FT-IR analysis. The hydrogen bond formation between the starch nanoparticles and curcumin is one of the major driving forces for encapsulation. The encapsulation of curcumin in the starch matrix results in enhanced stability and solubility of curcumin. The curcumin-loaded starch nanoparticles exhibit a particulate morphology with a size range of 80-200 nm. The curcumin is encapsulated in the starch matrix in an amorphous state. The encapsulation of curcumin in starch nanoparticles allows for sustained release of curcumin over a period of 10 days. The encapsulation of curcumin in acetylated starch microparticles results in a five-fold lower UV degradation rate of curcumin.
How to prepare synthetic efflunet of pulp and pepar mill ?3 answersSynthetic effluent of pulp and paper mills can be prepared through various processes. One method involves gasification of residual biomass streams from the pulp and paper industry. Another approach is to concentrate liquid effluents from the bleach plant and/or liquid spills from process streams, incinerate the concentrated effluents in a recovery boiler, and remove particles present in the flue gases to produce an ash containing salts. Coagulation processes can also be used to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color from paper mill effluent. Additionally, catalytic wet air oxidation can be employed using catalysts such as CuSO4, perovskite based oxides, zeolites, and bagasse flyash. These methods help in minimizing the environmental impact of pulp and paper mill effluents by reducing pollutants and improving resource utilization.
What materials is a mixer made of?3 answersMixers can be made of various materials. One paper by Todorovic et al. describes a mixer made of a composite material with at least two separate material layers. Another paper by Hua Changhong discusses a mixer with a mixing bin body made of a bottom wall and an annular lateral wall. Additionally, a paper by Tarshis et al. mentions a mixer of bulk materials with a fixed casing and a shaft, but does not specify the material it is made of.