How does capacity slack affect absorptive capacity?5 answersOrganizational slack, specifically absorbed and unabsorbed slack, plays a crucial role in influencing absorptive capacity. Absorbed slack negatively impacts a firm's openness in innovation search, while unabsorbed slack promotes open innovation search. Moreover, the relationship between absorbed slack and open innovation search is moderated by absorptive capacity, with higher absorptive capacity mitigating the negative impact of absorbed slack. In terms of financial performance, homogeneous absorptive capacity positively affects short-term performance, while heterogeneous absorptive capacity may hinder short-term performance. Interestingly, cash, as a form of slack resource, is more beneficial for the performance effect of heterogeneous absorptive capacity compared to homogeneous absorptive capacity in the short term.
In what year was the Slack Variable model first announced?5 answersThe Slack Variable model was first introduced in the field of control systems by Holloway in 1993. This model was developed to address uncertainties in dynamic systems and observation costs, providing a framework for controlling systems subject to model or input uncertainties. Additionally, the concept of slack variables was later applied to receding horizon control with inequality constraints by Hiroki, who described its formulation in the context of swing leg dynamics. The use of slack variables in these contexts allowed for more robust and flexible control strategies, enabling the handling of complex systems with varying constraints effectively.
What is slack?4 answersSlack can be understood in various contexts. In the realm of data augmentation for neural networks, slack refers to the unused space in file systems that may contain valuable information for digital investigations. In the medical field, tools like Slack are utilized to enhance communication and streamline processes within residency programs. On a financial front, enterprise slack represents undistributed profit and earned surplus, serving as a crucial factor in strategic decision-making for firms, providing resources for improvement, innovation, and financial activities aligned with their strategies. Therefore, slack encompasses both digital storage concepts and operational tools in different domains, highlighting its significance in optimizing processes and decision-making.
How to utilize long slack in critical path analysis in project management?5 answersIn project management, long slack in critical path analysis can be utilized by understanding the relationship between slack and critical paths. While the critical path is the longest path through a network, slack represents the flexibility in activity timings. Long slack can be beneficial in identifying noncritical paths with zero slack, which are often overlooked but can impact project duration. Utilizing a defuzzification formula for trapezoidal fuzzy numbers can help measure criticality in fuzzy project networks effectively, enhancing the determination of critical paths. Additionally, employing stochastic slack metrics can aid in assessing project risk and predicting the extent of delays accurately, offering valuable insights for project managers. By integrating these approaches, project managers can make informed decisions to optimize project scheduling and mitigate risks effectively.
What is path analysis?5 answersPath analysis is a statistical technique used to evaluate causal relationships among a set of variables. It extends the multiple regression technique by examining the pattern of relationships among variables rather than just predicting a dependent variable. Path analysis involves the use of path diagrams to represent proposed causal relationships between variables. It then estimates path coefficients, which indicate the strength and direction of the relationships. The technique also allows for the decomposition of correlation coefficients into different effects and the estimation of decision coefficients to determine the proportion of total variation in the dependent variable. Path analysis can be used for confirmatory purposes to determine which theoretical model best fits the data.
What is the use of critical slope at hydraulic?5 answersThe critical slope in hydraulic engineering is used to determine the upper limit of the inflow Froude number for the formation of undular hydraulic jumps in sloping rectangular channels. The critical slope refers to the slope of the channel at which the upper limit of the Froude number is reached, beyond which undular jumps cannot form. The streamwise changes of the surface profile, bed pressure head, and bed velocity in undular jumps are characterized by the channel slope. The effects of the channel slope on the wave height, wave length, and amplitude of undular jumps have also been studied. The critical slope and its relationship with the flow characteristics provide valuable insights into the behavior of undular hydraulic jumps in sloping channels.