What are the specific ways in which globalization has influenced the development and operation of institutions in China?5 answersGlobalization has significantly impacted institutions in China in various ways. Firstly, China's economic globalization has led to the country becoming a major manufacturing hub globally, second only to the United States. Additionally, the intense competition among students due to globalization has increased the demand for off-campus tutoring institutions, influencing students' learning stages and performance in class. Moreover, globalization has promoted China's global competitiveness in higher education, emphasizing the need to address social inequality and suggesting grants for underprivileged students. Furthermore, factors like export tax refunds, exchange rates, human resources, innovation, and financing capabilities play crucial roles in the globalization of Chinese public enterprises. Overall, globalization has shaped China's institutions economically, educationally, and operationally, necessitating strategic responses to navigate the evolving global landscape.
What is the process of institutionalization of Sino-Japan relation??5 answersThe institutionalization of Sino-Japanese relations has evolved through various stages. Initially, the exchange of gastrointestinal endoscopy between Japan and China in 1972 marked the beginning of a relationship that was still developing technologically at that time. Over the years, despite high economic interdependence, security dilemmas and unresolved historical issues have constrained bilateral relations, leading to divergences in economic governance approaches. Postwar relations have seen shifts from normalization to periods of amity and special relations, with ongoing challenges related to historical perceptions and the role of Taiwan. The post-Cold War era witnessed a separation of political and economic relations, with China's increasing power challenging traditional approaches, leading Japan to craft the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision to balance economic benefits with concerns over China's assertiveness.
China's major overseas projects to spread culture and values?5 answersChina's major overseas projects aimed at spreading culture and values include initiatives like culture-led regeneration projects (CRPs). These projects focus on factors critical for success, such as cultural value management, integrating cultural development with urban planning, and adopting sustainable development principles. Additionally, the influence of cultural norms from overseas, particularly through directors with foreign cultural backgrounds, enhances corporate transparency in developing economies. This transparency is manifested through increased voluntary information disclosure, analyst coverage, accurate earnings forecasts, and a reduced tendency for earnings management. The positive impact is further amplified when directors have experience from countries known for higher transparency levels. Overall, these endeavors reflect China's efforts to promote its cultural values and practices on a global scale.
How do chinese multinational enterprises affect the Chinese economy?5 answersChinese multinational enterprises have a significant impact on the Chinese economy. The Belt-and-Road Initiative, for example, has enhanced the ownership, location, and internalization advantages of Chinese multinational enterprises, leading to improved innovation capability and firm performance. R&D internationalization and the specialization of production have been promoted as a result of the initiative. However, a sharp fall in foreign direct investment (FDI) by Japan after the financial crisis in 2009 had negative consequences for Chinese MNEs. It caused price rises of Japanese affiliates' goods, a depreciation of the Renminbi, and a contraction in China's service sector. The losses in the service sector outweighed the gains in the manufacturing sectors, resulting in an overall negative impact on China.
How is Comparative institutionalism important for international companies?4 answersComparative institutionalism is important for international companies because it helps analyze the relationship between international HRM and institutions, and understand the diversity of institutional constraints and opportunities that MNEs face in different host country environments. It also provides insights into the processes through which domestic regulatory activities of states and other actors set the effective rules of internationally-exposed markets, which is crucial for understanding international market regulation. Additionally, comparative institutionalism helps in identifying the institutional structures and organizational forms of financial systems, such as those in the US and Germany, and their impact on the character of finance and industry restructuring. Furthermore, it contributes to the understanding of cross-country diversity in corporate governance and the role of different perspectives, such as economics, management, culture, sociology, legal, and political paradigms, in explaining change and stability in corporate governance.
Does institutional ownership affect firms?2 answersInstitutional ownership has a significant impact on firms. It has been found that institutional ownership has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. Additionally, firms with better social and governance performance tend to have higher institutional ownership, particularly by investors focused on long-term growth and value creation. Moreover, institutional ownership has a negative effect on environmental disclosures, while firms with higher state ownership have higher environmental disclosures. Furthermore, greater ownership by transient (short-term) institutional investors leads to firms intensifying their future thrust to compete, indicating that firms respond to these investors' preferences for short-term value creation. Overall, institutional ownership plays a significant role in various aspects of firm behavior and performance.