What is a fricative consonant?5 answersA fricative consonant is a type of speech sound produced by creating turbulence in the airflow through a narrow constriction in the vocal tract, resulting in noise-like behavior. Fricatives are characterized by their high-frequency components and are challenging to analyze due to their turbulent nature. They can be classified based on the place of articulation, leading to different classes of fricatives. The identification and classification of fricative segments in continuous speech can be achieved by analyzing their instantaneous spectral characteristics, such as dominant resonance frequencies and center of gravity, using advanced methods like zero time windowing (ZTW). Fricatives play a crucial role in speech perception and are essential for accurate phonetic transcriptions and speech synthesis applications.
When and for Whom Does Growth Becomes Jobless?5 answersGrowth becomes jobless under varying circumstances and timelines. In East Asia between 1997 and 2011, economic growth was not jobless overall, but the impact on employment varied across countries, with more flexible labor markets magnifying the effect. In India from 1981-82 to 2004-05, there was a trend of "jobless growth" in the organised manufacturing sector, where some industries created jobs while others displaced them, leading to capital intensification at the expense of employment. The phenomenon of jobless growth has also been observed in OECD countries due to changing links between labor and output, influenced by factors like labor market imperfections and fiscal policies. Additionally, in the U.S., post-recession recoveries were labeled as "jobless" after investment bubbles in commercial real estate, internet equipment, and housing burst, restraining economic growth.
What changes did Gekkonidae's vocalizations undergo during evolution?5 answersThe vocalizations of Gekkonidae have undergone significant changes during evolution. Research has shown that geckos, like tokay geckos (Gekko gecko), exhibit vocal plasticity by adjusting the duration of call notes in response to environmental noise, facilitating signal detection. Additionally, the distribution of friendly vocalization types in Felidae suggests a phylogenetic transformation series, indicating evolutionary conservatism in some vocalization types and rapid evolutionary change in others. Furthermore, the presence of a unique cochlear specialization, the noncartilaginous abneural limbus (NAL), in various Gekkota species suggests an association with vocalization and sound communication, potentially evolving before the separation of Gekkota from other Squamata groups. These findings collectively highlight the diverse evolutionary trajectories and adaptations in the vocalizations of Gekkonidae over time.
What is Lossless Audio Compression?5 answersLossless audio compression is a technique used to reduce the size of audio files without losing any information. It involves various methods such as dynamic cluster quantization, Burrows Wheeler Transform (BWT), Huffman coding, discrete 2-D wavelet transformation, and lossless text compression algorithms. These techniques aim to compress the audio data while preserving its original quality. The compression process includes quantization, encoding, and transformation of the audio signal. Experimental results from different papers show the effectiveness of these techniques in terms of compression ratio, space savings, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), encoding and decoding time, mean opinion score (MOS), and entropy.
What's the properties of Danish voiceless aspirated stops?4 answersDanish voiceless aspirated stops in the Northern Jutlandic variety are pronounced with short voice onset time and no affrication. This pronunciation pattern is not limited to Northern Jutland, but is found across the peninsula. Previous studies have shown that Danish aspirated stops /p t k/ have shorter closure duration and less articulatory effort compared to the unaspirated stops /b d ɡ/. The phonetic realization of Danish stops in spontaneous speech shows that intervocalic voicing is not the norm for voiceless aspirated stops and is particularly rare in /p t k/. The glottal spreading gesture found in all Danish stops is a phonological mechanism that blocks voicing, which is probabilistically lost in spontaneous speech.
Can you restore thyroid function without medication?5 answers