scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Is there an ion complex with temozolomide? What is the best synthetic route to obtain these compounds? 


Best insight from top research papers

Yes, there is an ion complex with temozolomide. The reaction of CdCl2·2H2O with temozolomide forms the complex [Cd(TMZ)Cl2]n, as characterized by various analytical techniques . The best synthetic route to obtain temozolomide involves several steps. One method includes formylating N-methylurea, cyclizing the formylated product with 2-amino-2-ethyl cyanoacetate, and further reactions to yield temozolomide with high yield and purity . Another method involves synthesizing temozolomide by reacting 5-amino-imidazole-4-formamide with specific reagents under controlled conditions, resulting in a high-quality product suitable for large-scale production . Additionally, a modified synthetic method introduces a new oxidation ring-closing reagent to improve reaction yield and control, avoiding the use of toxic compounds like methyl isocyanate .

Answers from top 4 papers

More filters
Papers (4)Insight
Not addressed in the paper. The synthetic method for temozolomide involves a new oxidation ring-closing reagent, enhancing yield, controllability, and avoiding toxic methyl isocyanate, as per the research.
Patent
Tao Zhou, Peng Guo 
10 Oct 2012
1 Citations
Not addressed in the paper. The best synthetic route for temozolomide involves sequential reactions starting with 5-amino-imidazole-4-formamide and methyl isocyanate in various solvents for high purity and yield.
Yes, a cadmium complex of temozolomide ([Cd(TMZ)Cl2]n) was synthesized. The best synthetic route involves reacting CdCl2·2H2O with temozolomide, as detailed in the paper.
Patent
Yang Meng, Xu Xiaojie, Jing Yating 
05 Jun 2020
Not addressed in the paper.

Related Questions

Complexation of ligand?5 answersComplexation of ligands plays a crucial role in various processes such as wastewater treatment, metal extraction, and stabilization of metal clusters. Different ligands exhibit varying complexation behaviors with metals, impacting processes like ammonia removal, selective extraction of lanthanides over actinides, and stabilization of metal clusters like Cu, Ag, and Au. Techniques like FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectrophotometry are utilized to study complexation mechanisms. The thermodynamics, stability constants, and bonding nature of metal-ligand complexes are investigated to understand the complexation process better. Additionally, studies using mass spectrometry reveal how the electrospray process can accelerate the formation kinetics of metal-ligand complexes, influencing solution equilibria. Overall, complexation of ligands with metals is a diverse and intricate field with significant implications across various scientific disciplines.
How synthetic terpenoids from the fungi?4 answersSynthetic terpenoids from fungi are obtained through the heterologous expression of terpene cyclase genes and P450 genes in Aspergillus oryzae transformants. These genes guide the biosynthesis of terpenoids by adding functional groups to cyclized structures. The biosynthetic pathways of fungal terpenoids involve the regulation of the mevalonate pathway, gene expression, and availability of cofactors. By understanding these mechanisms, the production of fungal terpenoids can be directed. Additionally, the biosynthetic gene clusters of fungal-derived fernane-type triterpenoids have been identified, leading to the generation of new compounds with potent antifungal activity. Furthermore, the combinatorial biosynthesis of tropolone sesquiterpenoids has been achieved by recombining genes from different biosynthetic gene clusters, resulting in the production of unprecedented analogs. Sesterterpenoids, another class of terpenoids, are formed by the cyclization of dimethyl allyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, and their biosynthetic pathways have been characterized in fungi.
How NHC complexes are prepared?5 answersNHC complexes are prepared through various methods described in the provided abstracts. One approach involves synthesizing heteroleptic [RhIIICp*(NHC)] and [IrIIICp*(NHC)] complexes using N-amino acid functionality derived from imidazolium salts. Another method involves the cycloaddition reactions of substituted anthracenes with nosylated quinone imines, followed by re-aromatization, O-butylation, and cleavage of the nosyl-group to obtain triptycene anilines. These anilines are then converted into imidazolium salts, which can be deprotonated to form triptycene-NHC-metal complexes. Chiral transition metal complexes containing an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand can be prepared from achiral imidazolinium salts, resulting in axial chirality due to the formation of the metal-carbene bond. Weak bases and mild conditions can also be used for the continuous flow preparation of CuI, AuI, and PdII-NHC complexes, using technical grade acetone as a solvent. Additionally, macrocyclic tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes can be synthesized on late lanthanides, such as Lu, Yb, Ho, Dy, and Gd, through a series of reactions and characterized using various techniques.
How tetrazolyl enhances drug efficacy and bioavailability.?5 answersTetrazolyl enhances drug efficacy and bioavailability by improving drug dissolution and solubility, as well as facilitating drug release and contact with the dissolution medium and gastrointestinal fluids. This can be achieved through the preparation of liquisolid systems, where the drug is sorbed in a liquid phase to a porous carrier and then converted into solid dosage forms for oral administration. Additionally, the use of lipophilic pharmaceutically acceptable compounds, such as benzyl alcohol, as carriers can enhance the transdermal transport and permeation of topically administered drugs. By enhancing drug dissolution, solubility, release, and permeation, tetrazolyl can improve the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs, leading to better therapeutic outcomes.
Are there any FDA anti-cancer agents containing tetrazole?5 answersYes, there are FDA-approved anti-cancer agents containing tetrazole. Aflibercept (Zaltrap) has been approved by the FDA for use in combination with the chemotherapy regimen FOLFIRI for the treatment of adults with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Which temozolomide concentration is used?5 answersTemozolomide concentration used in the studies is not mentioned in the abstracts provided.

See what other people are reading

What are the factors that influence the rate of sulfanilic acid crystallization?
4 answers
The rate of sulfanilic acid crystallization is influenced by various factors. Temperature plays a crucial role, affecting the growth rate differently at varying temperatures. The presence of crystal growth inhibitors can significantly impact the kinetics of crystallization, leading to changes in the process from first to third order kinetics. Additionally, the pH value of the solution has a notable effect on the growth rate, with higher pH values increasing the rate of crystallization. Furthermore, the shape and size of the crystal are determined by factors such as lattice force, surface tension, pull rate, and temperature gradients in the crystal. These combined factors contribute to the overall rate and efficiency of sulfanilic acid crystallization.
How to remove inespecific bound IgG on CLIA or ELISA?
5 answers
To remove nonspecifically bound IgG in CLIA or ELISA, various methods have been developed. One approach involves treating the antibody reagent at a pH of about 2.0 to 3.5 and using a reducing agent to reduce nonspecific binding. Another method includes adding a water-soluble polymer to the liquid phase in immunoassays, which reduces IgG binding to the solid phase surface, minimizing false positive readings. Additionally, ultrasonic washing during the last step of the ELISA protocol can remove adsorbed proteins without affecting specifically bound analytes, reducing costs while maintaining assay quality. These strategies aim to enhance the specificity of the assay by minimizing nonspecific interactions, ensuring accurate and reliable results in detecting analytes.
Should buffers contain calcium for calcium flux assays?
5 answers
Buffers used in calcium flux assays should not contain calcium, as this can interfere with the accurate measurement of calcium levels. The presence of calcium in buffers can lead to competitive binding with calcium indicators like Fura-2, affecting the reliability of the assay results. Instead, buffers should be carefully formulated to maintain a stable pH and prevent interference from other ions like magnesium. Additionally, the use of specific cytosolic calcium-binding proteins and the absence of calcium in the buffer are crucial for studying mitochondrial function in intracellular calcium signaling. Therefore, to ensure the precision and validity of calcium flux assays, it is recommended to use calcium-free buffers that support the proper functioning of the assay without introducing confounding variables related to calcium presence.
How to convert waste paper into porous carbon?
4 answers
To convert waste paper into porous carbon, various methods can be employed as highlighted in the research papers. One approach involves utilizing Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) with ZnCl2 activation. Another method includes solvothermal treatment and chemical activation to produce S, O dual-doped 3D net-like porous carbon. Additionally, one-step carbonization and activation using HCl can lead to the synthesis of highly porous carbon nanoparticles (HP-CNPs). Waste office papers can be transformed into activated carbon (AC) suitable for supercapacitors through a synthesis process, resulting in high specific surface area and conductivity. Furthermore, a high-temperature pyrolysis activation method under protective argon gas can convert waste hollow fiber filter membrane into hollow fiber filter membrane-based porous carbon material. These methods demonstrate the potential for sustainable conversion of waste paper into valuable porous carbon materials.
What is benefit of doing biochemical analysis of mushroms?
4 answers
Biochemical analysis of mushrooms offers various benefits due to advancements in microfluidic technology, automated systems, and specialized analysis units. By utilizing microfluidic chips, researchers can efficiently analyze the biochemical composition of mushrooms with high precision and speed. Automated biochemical analysis systemsreduce manual errors, increase accuracy, and enhance analysis speed, leading to improved economic benefits. Additionally, specialized analysis unitsenable simplified operations, smaller equipment sizes, and lower costs for mushroom analysis. Incorporating techniques like optical, electrical, magnetic, and acoustic methodsonto microfluidic platforms allows for in-depth genetic and protein analysis of mushrooms. Moreover, utilizing biochemical analysis units with absorptive layershelps prevent noise interference during data collection, ensuring accurate results in mushroom analysis.
What is the concentration of calcein AM and propidium iodide for spheroid?
5 answers
The concentration of calcein-AM and propidium iodide for spheroids can vary based on the specific experimental setup and requirements. Calcein-AM is a cell-permeant compound used for detecting viable cells, especially in microscopy and fluorometry. On the other hand, propidium iodide is commonly used to stain dead cells due to its impermeability to live cells. When measuring oxygen concentration in spheroids, a reagent containing C-cis,N-trans,bis[2-(2'-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N,C3']iridium(acetylacetonate) can be utilized. Additionally, in radio-immunotherapy studies using multi-cell spheroids, the uptake and retention kinetics of labeled monoclonal antibodies were measured, providing insights into absorbed doses for treatment. Therefore, the concentrations of calcein-AM and propidium iodide for spheroids should be determined based on the specific experimental goals and methodologies employed in the study.
What is Homolytic bond cleavage?
4 answers
Homolytic bond cleavage refers to the breaking of a covalent bond where each of the bonded atoms retains one of the shared electrons, leading to the formation of two radicals. This process is crucial in various chemical reactions and can be induced by different mechanisms. For instance, vinyl triflimides undergo homolytic cleavage of the N−Tf bond through triplet–triplet energy transfer (EnT), generating radicals amenable to radical–radical coupling, resulting in the formation of α‐quaternary, β‐trifluoromethylated amines. In another study, the oxidation of 1,4‐cyclohexadiene and phenol by a Au(III)‐OH complex involves homolytic C(sp3)‐H and O−H bond breaking steps via concerted proton coupled electron transfer (cPCET). Additionally, reversible homolytic metal-carbon bond cleavage plays a significant role in various areas such as biochemistry, organic synthesis, and controlled radical polymerization.
How to test for Cu ion?
5 answers
To test for Cu ions, various methods are available. One approach involves utilizing diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) to form a stable Cu-DDTC complex with a distinctive yellow color, detectable with a smartphone camera in a 96-well plate. Another method employs gold nanoparticles loaded on test paper for colorimetric detection of Cu, allowing for rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative detection with a detection limit of 50nmol/L. Additionally, Cu ions can be detected using cysteine- and glutathione-modified cadmium telluride quantum dots, where the fluorescence quenching of quantum dots indicates the presence of Cu ions, with a detection limit of 3.58×10-5 mol/L. Furthermore, a simple and cost-effective method involves using quinizarin-acetone solution on test paper to create a piece of copper ion test paper for convenient and accurate detection. Lastly, a method utilizing 2'-hydroxy-m-diaminoazobenzene on filter paper allows for high-selectivity and high-sensitivity detection of Cu ions with a detection limit of 10 micrometers.
Dosage of aluminum sulfate for water treatment
5 answers
The dosage of aluminum sulfate for water treatment varies based on different studies. Research by Dushkin and Shevchenko found that a modified aluminum sulfate solution at a dose of 28–30 mg/dm3 improved the removal efficiency of suspended substances and coloration by 35–40%. Basri et al. highlighted that in the coagulation-flocculation process, alum is commonly added, and the optimum recovery of aluminum from sludge was achieved at a dosage of 1.35M sulfuric acid, with a recovery ratio of up to 98%. Additionally, Nurmesniemi et al. demonstrated that in ettringite precipitation, the use of electrochemical aluminum dosing at a current density of 28 mA cm–2 reduced the sulfate concentration by 99.0%. Overall, the optimal dosage of aluminum sulfate for water treatment depends on the specific water quality parameters and the desired purification efficiency.
How are elemental mixture standards made using acid and water?
5 answers
Elemental mixture standards are prepared using acids and water in various methods. One approach involves using a mixed acid solution containing hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) for simultaneous determination of multiple elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Another method includes adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) to a mixture of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to create a stable and accurate standard solution. Additionally, a liquid chromatography system utilizes a mixture of acids, bases, solvents, and water, with pH and solvent concentration calculated based on user-defined gradient functions to determine the composition of the liquid mixture at a specific time. These methods showcase the diverse ways in which elemental mixture standards can be formulated using acid and water.
What are the common troubleshooting methods for detecting Triacetic Lacton in paper?
5 answers
Common troubleshooting methods for detecting Triacetic Lactone in paper involve utilizing enzymatic reactions and chromatography techniques. One method includes using a highly purified fatty acid synthetase to catalyze the formation of Triacetic Lactone from acetyl- and malonyl-CoA, followed by various analytical techniques to confirm the product's identity. Another approach involves a three-enzyme system comprising lactase, glucose oxidase, and peroxidase to break down lactose into peroxide, which is then detected with a redox indicator on a paper-based test card, allowing for the detection of lactose concentrations as low as 5% in solid samples. These methods ensure accurate and reliable detection of Triacetic Lactone in paper samples.