scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 9 papers

More filters
Papers (9)Insight
Field studies suggest that the mafic rocks are earlier than the felsic ones in sequence.
The parental mafic component was probably similar to silica-undersaturated, mafic lavas of the Rawls Formation.
The compositions of felsic volcanic rocks may be explained by low to moderate degrees of partial melting of mafic sources at a range of depths within rift environments where the mineralogy and composition of the source regions, modes, and degrees of partial melting, pressure and temperature of melting, and, to a lesser extent, subsequent fractionation processes, account for the compositional variations from FI through FII to FIII-FIV.
Geochemical data confirm the presence of two distinct compositional groups in the mafic lavas: (1) tholeiitic basalt and (2) transitional tholeiitic basalt.
The mafic and felsic lavas have identical 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios, consistent with consanguinity and a lack of contamination by older crust of the Superior province.
The mafic and felsic inclusions are compositionally similar those of the host rocks.
This mineralogy suggests that lower crust rather than the mantle is the dominant source of the mafic component at SPA.
These relationships reflect the mixing of felsic and mafic magmas.
This study confirms the existence of felsic lavas that have dimensions comparable with the largest known mafic lavas

Related Questions

The genesis of lithum deposits?5 answersLithium deposits originate from pegmatite and brine sources, with the Puna Plateau and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau hosting abundant brine lithium deposits globally. The formation of brine lithium deposits in the Qaidam Basin began around 40 ka, with deposits in South America and Tibet being older and younger, respectively. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating revealed that the East Taijinaier and West Taijinaier lakes experienced extremely cold and dry climates during 27-4.5 ka, with intermittent humid periods. Additionally, tectonic activity around 40 ka led to the evolution of the Yiliping lake into an independent basin, showcasing the dynamic geological processes influencing lithium deposit genesis.
What is the significance of lithology identification?5 answersLithology identification is significant for various reasons. Firstly, it provides accurate geological information and scientific support for oil and gas resource exploration. Secondly, it helps in optimizing drilling rate and directional drilling, which can reduce drilling costs and improve the chances of drilling into reservoirs. Thirdly, it aids in reservoir characterization, well planning, and drilling activities, improving the probability of classifying lithology and guiding exploratory deployment. Additionally, it is crucial for sweet spot evaluation, prediction, and precise exploratory deployment in areas with low exploration degrees. Lastly, it plays a critical role in reservoir characterization, reserves calculation, and geological modeling, aiding in the establishment of the relationship between lithology-sensitive properties and litho-types.
How does feldspar affect the properties of plastics?5 answersFeldspar has been found to have a significant impact on the properties of plastics. Silane treated feldspar filled polypropylene composites showed improved mechanical properties, including increased tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, and impact strength. This improvement was attributed to enhanced interfacial adhesion between feldspar and the polypropylene matrix. The addition of feldspar to crosslinked polyester resin also affected the free volume properties, with variations in the nanoscale free volume hole size distributions. The type of crosslinking agent and the concentration of feldspar influenced the free volume parameters. Compatibilizers such as polyethylene co-acrylic acid and PP grafted-maleic anhydride were found to enhance the processability and mechanical properties of feldspar/polypropylene composites, including increased tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, and impact strength. Replacing carbon black with surfactant-modified natural feldspar in natural rubber composites resulted in changes in hardness and tensile properties, with the hydrophobicity factor of the surfactant affecting the mechanical properties. Polymer-infiltrated-feldspar used for restorative composite CAD/CAM blocks showed increased flexural strength when subjected to high pressure and with the addition of SiO2 and Al2O3.
What are the different types of feldspar that can be used in plastics?5 answersFeldspar can be used in plastics in different forms. One type of feldspar used is potassium feldspar, which is mixed with calcium carbonate powder to modify plastics and improve their mechanical performance. Another type of feldspar used is alkali feldspar, particularly from igneous and pegmatitic rocks, which can be affected by alteration features such as dark spots, lines, and irregular areas. These different types of feldspar provide specific properties to the plastics, such as increased strength, tensile strength, and toughness.
How to benefitiation kalium from feldspar?4 answersThe beneficiation of potassium (kalium) from feldspar can be achieved through various methods. One method involves grade differentiation, where different preselection techniques are used on low-grade, medium-grade, and high-grade potassium feldspar ores to obtain high-quality and high-purity potassium feldspar powder. Another method involves pulverizing and ball-milling the raw material of potassium feldspar, followed by high-temperature calcination to obtain a potassium feldspar activated carbon compound. The compound is then filtered, washed, dried, and sieved to obtain potassium feldspar activated carbon powder. Additionally, potash feldspar can be used to prepare dipotassium phosphate and other valuable byproducts. This method involves crushing and mixing raw materials, reacting them in an electric furnace, collecting dust, and further reacting furnace slag, recovered potassium carbonate, and prepared phosphoric acid to obtain dipotassium phosphate and other compounds. Another method involves removing mud, ball milling, magnetically removing impurities, drying, calcining, removing impurities through ball milling, carrying out flotation, and removing oil to extract main effective ingredients of potassium feldspar and remove impurities. A high-quality feldspar quarry beneficiation device has also been developed, which improves efficiency and structural strength for feldspar beneficiation.
What are the properties of basalt that make it difficult to excavate?4 answersBasalt has several properties that make it difficult to excavate. Firstly, the mechanical behavior of basalt varies depending on its composition and confining pressure. Cryptocrystalline basalt exhibits fragmentation-dominated failure under low-medium confining pressure, while amygdaloidal basalt shows brittle mechanical behavior under low confining pressure and ductile behavior under high confining pressure. Secondly, the presence of secondary minerals in altered basalts affects their permeability. Smectite clays and calcium carbonate veinlets decrease and increase the permeability of basalt, respectively. Lastly, basalt is sensitive to alteration processes, making it challenging to trace magmatic processes using alkali metals. However, the ratios of low partition coefficient elements in basalt remain constant and similar to chondrites, suggesting the existence of a homogeneous primordial mantle.

See what other people are reading

How titanium validium ration helps to find out the geodynamic setting of a volcanic arc?
5 answers
The titanium isotopic ratio () can aid in identifying the geodynamic setting of a volcanic arc by reflecting the differentiation processes within the crust. Studies have shown that volcanic and plutonic arc rocks exhibit a trend of increasing Ti isotopic values with rising SiO2 concentrations, indicating mineral fractionation (). Additionally, spatial variations in Ti concentrations in volcanic sequences along intra-oceanic arcs suggest the extraction of melts from different mantle depths during subduction (). Furthermore, the Ti isotopic composition of cumulate rocks in magmatic lower continental crust is influenced by their mineralogical composition, providing insights into the formation and modification mechanisms of modern crust (). Therefore, analyzing the titanium isotopic ratio can offer valuable clues about the geodynamic processes shaping volcanic arcs.
What are the chemical processes involved in weathering of rocks?
5 answers
Chemical weathering of rocks involves various processes such as dissolution, hydrolysis, and redox reactions. These processes lead to the transformation of solid rock material into particles that are then dissolved and transported from continents to the sea. The weathering of specific rock types like saponite-containing basaltic tuffs and glauconite results in the leaching of cations like K, Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe into solution, affecting the solution's pH. In gneissic rocks, weathering leads to the alteration of minerals like biotite and feldspars, with the formation of secondary mineralogical phases such as clay minerals and Fe-oxides. The chemical composition of the rocks changes during weathering, with alkali and alkaline earth elements like Na, K, Ca, and Mg being removed into solution as a consequence of weathering reactions.
What is the Madukkarai Wall?
4 answers
The Madukkarai Wall refers to a significant geological feature in the Madurai Block of the Southern Granulite Terrane in Peninsular India. This region comprises three sub-blocks: the Neoarchean Northern Madurai block, Paleoproterozoic Central Madurai block, and the Neoproterozoic Southern Madurai Block. The Madurai Block hosts ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulite facies rocks, including a layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion found in association with Mg-Al granulites at Ganguvarpatti in the Central Madurai Block. The area is also characterized by the Suruli shear zone, a ductile shear zone extending over 150 km from Kadaiyanallur to Ganguvarpatti, showcasing transposed foliation and mylonite foliation. This geological setting is crucial for understanding the tectonic evolution and magmatic history of the region within the broader context of the Gondwana supercontinent.
What is the geographical location of Phalaborwa?
5 answers
Phalaborwa is situated in the Northern Province of South Africa, known for its rich copper and iron deposits, which have been exploited for over 1200 years. The region hosts a significant number of syenite intrusions, with various textural types present, such as porphyritic, granular, gneissic, and hypidiomorphic syenites. The Phalaborwa area is characterized by a decentralized political economy during the Iron Age, with metal producers operating autonomously within a regional exchange system, facilitating the flow of local products and imported items like glass beads and cowrie shells. Additionally, the Phalaborwa barrage, constructed to support mining activities, spans the Olifants river near the Kruger National Park boundary, securing a substantial water supply for the mining complex.
Geology and tectonics of the north india?
5 answers
The geology and tectonics of North India are characterized by a complex history spanning from the Archean to Quaternary periods. The region comprises Archean cratonic blocks surrounded by Proterozoic mobile belts. The Aravalli Mountain Region in northwestern India is a significant tectonomorphic feature, with a history of deformation shaping its present geomorphology. The Thar Desert in northwestern India exhibits a unique tectonic-sedimentary domain, with sedimentary formations ranging from Precambrian to Mesozoic and Cainozoic ages. Neotectonic activity is evident in parts of the Assam–Arakan Basin in Northeast India, influencing drainage patterns and morphotectonics, indicating recent deformation and seismic hazards. The northern Indian Shield and western Himalaya have preserved a record of mafic magmatism, with different terrains undergoing plume tectonics and rift valley development.
Whole rock analysis for geochemistry of adakites
5 answers
Whole rock analysis of adakites involves examining various geochemical characteristics. Adakites typically exhibit low MgO and Mg# values, high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, elevated Zr/Sm ratios, high Na2O contents, and specific 87Sr/86Sr ratios, along with high K2O/Na2O ratios, indicating adakitic or adakite-like features. Additionally, adakites can be classified into K-rich and Na-rich types based on K2O and Na2O contents, with distinct geochemical compositions such as SiO2, Sr/Y, and (La/Yb)N ratios. High-Mg# adakites may result from garnet fractionation in magmas, with evidence of garnet crystals growing in host magmas and differentiation processes affecting mineral compositions. Discriminant analysis aids in distinguishing adakites from different geodynamic settings based on chemical compositions, providing a framework for classification. The scarcity of adakitic melts compared to rocks suggests a complex relationship between adakitic rocks, melts, and plate melting processes.
How do local geological influences affect the temperature of hydrothermal environments?
4 answers
Local geological influences play a crucial role in shaping the temperature of hydrothermal environments. Factors such as the presence of faults, fractures, and volcanic features can significantly impact the heat distribution and circulation of hydrothermal fluids. Studies have shown that in areas with clear tectonic activity and faulting, intense hydrothermal plumes associated with focused discharge are observed, while regions dominated by magmatism exhibit weaker water column signals indicative of diffuse discharge. Additionally, the rapid cooling of hydrothermal fluids, the water/rock ratio determined by the degree of fracturing in the rock, and the local permeability environment all contribute to the mineralogical and textural peculiarities of hydrothermal alteration. Understanding these local geological influences is essential for predicting and interpreting variations in hydrothermal venting temperatures within subseafloor environments.
Can basalt fibre improve the bending properties of a polymer?
5 answers
Basalt fiber can indeed enhance the bending properties of polymers. Research has shown that modifying basalt fiber fabrics with functionalized carbon nanotubes and polydopamine significantly improves the bending properties of composites, increasing maximum bending loads by around 31%. Additionally, the interfacial properties of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites can be enhanced by using thermoplastic sizing agents, leading to improved tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength compared to desized composites. While basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) exhibits better thermal stability and mechanical properties than traditional glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP), further improvements in interfacial bonding strength between basalt fiber and resin are necessary to optimize mechanical and electrical properties. Therefore, basalt fiber can enhance the bending properties of polymers through proper modifications and interface enhancements.
What would a civilization look like on Noachian Mars?
5 answers
A civilization on Noachian Mars would face challenges and opportunities shaped by the planet's ancient environment. The Noachian epoch, around 4.5-3.5 billion years ago, suggests sporadic presence of liquid water, essential for life. The terrain surrounding the Isidis basin exhibits diverse compositions, including phyllosilicates indicative of ancient alteration processes. The planet's early evolution involved sulfur-induced greenhouse warming, creating clement conditions periodically but also adverse factors like sulfur rainout. Intercrater plains in the Noachian highlands show distinctive, olivine-rich surfaces with minimal sediment mantling, hinting at unique geological features. Orbital observations reveal a rich record of fluvial landforms dating back to 3.6-3.0 billion years ago, indicating a past Martian climate capable of sustaining river systems. A civilization on Noachian Mars would need to navigate these geological complexities while harnessing the potential resources and clues to the planet's ancient history.
Why do magmas have higher solubility of water at higher pressures?
4 answers
Magmas exhibit higher solubility of water at higher pressures due to various factors. Mafic magmas with elevated alkali concentrations can dissolve more H2O and CO2, contributing to explosive eruptions. Water solubility in magmas is significantly influenced by bulk composition, with felsic magmas like rhyolite and andesite having greater water solubility than basalt melts. At low pressures, gases in liquids follow Henry's law, but at higher pressures, solubility levels off, with methane in water showing a marked increase in solubility above 1 GPa. Additionally, alkali basalts dissolve more water at pressures above 1 kbar compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts, with a simple empirical model derived to predict water solubility in basalts of varying alkalinity and fO2.
What is the geological history of the Bassin d'Ouarzazate region in Morocco?
5 answers
The geological history of the Bassin d'Ouarzazate region in Morocco is characterized by a complex evolution involving various geological processes. The region experienced uplift and incision events, with evidence suggesting a combination of capture-induced base-level fall and mantle-related continental-scale uplift. Igneous rocks in the area, dated to around 595-560 Ma, indicate magmatic activity and potential asthenospheric upwelling, possibly linked to subducted oceanic lithosphere. Seismic reflection data reveals a structurally diverse basin with contrasting deformation patterns, aiding in understanding the Eocene aquifer system and guiding future water exploration efforts. Additionally, the formation of alluvial fans and terraces in the basin was influenced by base level changes and climatic variations over the Quaternary period, highlighting the impact of climate on landscape evolution. The aquifer system in the region, particularly in the Kourimat synclinal basin, plays a crucial role in providing drinking water and irrigation resources, with hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical studies shedding light on water flow patterns and quality.