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What are best practices for assessing and mitigating proliferation risk by banks? 


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Banks must implement high-risk mitigation techniques suitable for the complexity of their activities, establish procedures for monitoring credit risk mitigation, and validate risk assessment models regularly . Financial institutions play a crucial role in countering proliferation financing by conducting enhanced due diligence on transactions involving dual-use items or sanctioned entities . However, the effectiveness of financial sanctions in curbing proliferation remains questionable due to deficiencies in training and information sharing among banks and government agencies . To enhance risk assessment, banks should adopt stricter measures, such as setting tolerance limits for deviations from expected outcomes and implementing remedial procedures when credit policies are exceeded . Additionally, the financial community must continuously improve detection of illicit transactions to combat proliferation financing effectively .

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Moyara Ruehsen, Leonard S. Spector 
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Banks can assess and mitigate proliferation risk by conducting enhanced due diligence on transactions involving dual-use items or sanctioned entities, following money trails, and improving detection practices.
Financial institutions like banks can reduce proliferation risks by implementing financial incentives and collaborating with large technology companies to prevent dual-use technologies from falling into wrong hands.
Not addressed in the paper.

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