What are the key advantages of using bacteria-based biofertilizers over chemical fertilizers?5 answersBacteria-based biofertilizers offer several advantages over chemical fertilizers. Firstly, biofertilizers like Trichoderma species and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) can enhance plant growth, combat pathogens, and improve soil quality sustainably. Secondly, the use of biofertilizers can reduce environmental pollution, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions associated with chemical fertilizers. Additionally, biofertilizers can promote nutrient solubilization from waste biomass, leading to improved plant growth and increased crop yields. Furthermore, the application of bacteria-based biofertilizers like Bacillus subtilis can positively alter soil microflora, enhance mineral element metabolism, and boost crop yield while maintaining soil health. Overall, the use of biofertilizers presents a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to agriculture with multiple benefits for plant growth, soil health, and environmental conservation.
What are the types of biofertilizers?5 answersBiofertilizers are organic substances that utilize microorganisms to enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. Different types of biofertilizers include nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, potassium-mobilizing, and other plant growth-promoting biofertilizers. Key microorganisms used in biofertilizers production are Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphobacter, Rhizobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus. These microorganisms play crucial roles in processes like nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and plant growth stimulation, contributing to sustainable agriculture and environmental health. Biofertilizers are considered eco-friendly, cost-effective alternatives to chemical fertilizers, providing essential nutrients to plants through natural processes while improving soil quality and crop productivity.
What are the types of biofertilizers?4 answersBiofertilizers are organic substances that make use of microorganisms to increase soil fertility and promote plant growth. They are classified into different types based on their purpose, such as nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, potassium-mobilizing, and other plant growth-promoting biofertilizers. Some widely used strains of biofertilizers include Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphobacter, and Rhizobacter. These microorganisms provide nutrients to plants through natural processes like nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and plant growth-inducing chemical synthesis. Additionally, other microorganisms like Pseudomonas and Bacillus act as effective biocontrol systems. Biofertilizers are considered a renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly approach to increasing soil fertility and promoting stable and sustainable food production. They are cost-effective and have the potential to enhance agricultural crop yield in a sustainable manner.
What is biofertilizer?5 answersBiofertilizers are organic substances that utilize microorganisms to enhance soil fertility and improve crop quality. They provide nutrients through natural processes such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and plant growth-inducing chemical synthesis. Important microorganisms used in biofertilizer production include Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphobacter, and Rhizobacter. Chemical fertilizers, on the other hand, can have harmful effects on the environment and living organisms, leading to the need for alternative solutions. Biofertilizers offer a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to agriculture by reducing dependency on chemically synthesized fertilizers and promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms. They can be produced from naturally occurring microorganisms and have the potential to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and promote plant growth. The use of biofertilizers is considered a smart approach for sustainable agriculture, as they provide macronutrients, micronutrients, and plant growth-promoting hormones to plants, improving soil health and crop productivity.
How do biofertilizers work?5 answersBiofertilizers work by utilizing microorganisms to enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. These organic substances provide nutrients through natural processes such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and plant growth-inducing chemical synthesis. Beneficial soil microorganisms convert complex organic or unabsorbable forms of nutrients into inorganic and absorbable forms, making them available to plants. Biofertilizers, including cyanobacteria, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), actinomycetes, ectomycorrhizae, and endomycorrhizae, play a crucial role in increasing crop productivity by biological nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, and stimulation of plant growth. These microorganisms establish symbiotic or asymbiotic relationships with plants, increasing the primary nutrient supply and retaining soil fertility. Biofertilizers also enhance nutrient acquisition by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing soil phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth. The formulation of biofertilizers involves mixing a suitable carrier with the inoculant and ensuring survival and establishment after introduction into soils.
What are the main microbials used for biopharma production?5 answersThe main microbials used for biopharma production are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, and Escherichia coli. These microorganisms are used for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fragments, which are important biopharmaceutical products. Mammalian cells, such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, are currently used for the production of full-length antibodies due to their ability to perform human-like N-glycosylation. However, microbial organisms like S. cerevisiae, P. pastoris, and E. coli are used for the production of antibody fragments, as they are easy to manipulate and cultivate. These microbials offer advantages in terms of bioprocessing and scale-up, resulting in shorter processing times and lower costs compared to mammalian cells.