Why would people join union?4 answersPeople join unions for various reasons. One reason is job dissatisfaction, which is often the main motivation for workers to join a union. Union membership can lead to an improvement in job satisfaction over time. Additionally, union members enjoy better wages, benefits, and greater power compared to nonmembers, which can have positive effects on their health. Union membership has also been associated with obtaining assistance in case of work-related problems. Furthermore, union membership has been linked to favorable self-rated health, particularly among certain subgroups of the workforce. Factors such as income, safe workplaces, job security, and healthcare access contribute to the positive relationship between union membership and health. Finally, the decline in union membership in Western countries has prompted research on the factors influencing an individual's decision to join a trade union.
What are the main barriers to team working?4 answersThe main barriers to team working include limited sharing of tacit knowledge within teams, failures in communication between health professionals, challenges related to educational, psychological, and organizational factors in the healthcare environment, and tension between the microcultures of team working at the firm level and logistical pressures of the supply chain. These barriers hinder effective teamwork and communication, leading to high failure rates in software development projects, increased risk of unintended patient harm in healthcare, and difficulties in implementing interdisciplinary teams in primary care. Overcoming these barriers requires addressing issues such as limited tacit knowledge sharing, improving communication strategies, breaking down professional silos and hierarchies, and embedding team-working practices in supply chain relationships.
What are the barriers to collaboration?3 answersBarriers to collaboration include lack of a systematic approach, weak legal structure, poor planning, lack of integrated tourism management, and weakness of the policy-making system. Factors such as agenda and priority differences, partnership structure, constitution and processes, and external barriers also hinder collaboration. In addition, barriers to communication, collaboration, and coproduction impact the competitiveness of companies and clusters. Lack of clarity in the allocation of responsibilities, confidence, and the professional encounter are also barriers to collaboration among professionals in health care, social services, and schools. In the context of software crowdsourcing, barriers to collaboration include communication and coordination issues.
What are the challenges to paying the open access fee?3 answersThe challenges to paying the open access fee include inadequate understanding of the characteristics of the source data, inadequate treatment of sampling methods and representativeness of cohorts or subsamples in analyses, and the potential for misuse of the data, including cases of misreported or fabricated data. Additionally, there is a risk of open access cohort study datasets becoming targets for fraudulent practices, such as paper mills, which may go undetected and result in the proliferation of inferior research. These challenges highlight the necessity of monitoring access to data and the conduct of research to uphold scientific integrity and protect the reputation of studies.
What are the challenges of collaboration contracts?5 answersCollaboration contracts face several challenges. One challenge is the divergent objectives of the actors involved, which can hinder the establishment of common goals. Another challenge is the perceived inappropriateness of collaborative models and rewarding mechanisms, which may not align with the expectations of the parties involved. Limited funding before investment decision is also a challenge, as early involvement of key actors is crucial but may be difficult to secure. Additionally, the emphasis on collaboration capabilities with every actor in tendering processes may not be feasible. Collaboration with governmental authorities also presents a different set of challenges compared to collaboration with other actors. In collaborative services, such as consulting and IT outsourcing, challenges include double moral hazard, high monitoring costs, and the need to incentivize high levels of effort. In knowledge-intensive projects, contractual arrangements can affect work dynamics, and the choice of contract type must be carefully considered based on project characteristics.
What are the barriers to employees joining labor unions?2 answersBarriers to employees joining labor unions include "right-to-work" laws that restrict the rights of workers and employers to enter into certain labor contracts. Other barriers include an authoritarian work environment, disorganized work lives, and an anti-union political climate, which make unionization unlikely for workers in high-tech firms in the Sunbelt. Fear of job loss, strikes, and management retaliation, as well as conflict generated during the organizing process, also hinder successful union organizing. Threats of plant closure during organizing campaigns and systematic employer interference further impede workers from joining unions. The Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA) is proposed as a solution to address these barriers and safeguard employees' right to join unions.