scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

What are the challenges and potential solutions for ensuring consistency in determining prior art and novelty of natural products? 


Best insight from top research papers

Ensuring consistency in determining prior art and novelty of natural products presents challenges due to their complex compositions and batch-to-batch variations . Quality control methods like DNA molecular markers have revolutionized authentication processes, aiding in identifying adulterants and authenticating medicinal plants . However, the poor quality of some herbal products, stemming from misidentification, substitution, adulteration, or contamination, poses safety concerns and affects efficacy . To address these issues, a totality-of-evidence approach by the US FDA integrates analytical testing with raw material control, bioassays, and clinical data to ensure product quality consistency and therapeutic effectiveness . Implementing genome-based methods and rigorous quality control measures can enhance the reliability and authenticity of natural products, thereby overcoming challenges in determining their prior art and novelty.

Answers from top 5 papers

More filters
Papers (5)Insight
Challenges in ensuring consistency of natural products include batch variations. The FDA's totality-of-evidence approach integrates raw material control, bioassays, and clinical data to address these challenges effectively.
Challenges in ensuring consistency of herbal products include misidentification, adulteration, and contamination. Chemical evaluation techniques can enhance quality control and assurance for improved product consistency.
Challenges include maintaining herbal product quality and authenticity. Molecular markers like PCR aid in identifying adulterants and ensuring consistency in natural product authentication.
Challenges in patenting natural products include their origin from nature, making them non-patentable. Solutions involve demonstrating novelty and non-obviousness through unique characteristics and applications.

Related Questions

How has the patenting of natural products evolved in Africa over the past decade, and what challenges remain?5 answersThe patenting of natural products in Africa has seen advancements and challenges over the past decade. Efforts have been made to align conflicting sub-regional IP regimes with the African Union's IP agenda, emphasizing geographical indications, plant variety protection, traditional knowledge, and cultural expressions. However, challenges persist due to the lack of modern research facilities, overharvesting of medicinal plants, and the extinction of certain species, hindering the discovery of new compounds. Additionally, the need for Africa to enhance its global research output is emphasized, requiring increased research participation from universities and the industrial sector to drive innovative research and development. Despite these efforts, the complexity of natural product structures, the non-drug-like nature of many compounds, and the difficulty in patenting products derived from nature continue to pose challenges in the patenting of natural products in Africa.
What are the potential challenges in the development and implementation of novel food ingredients for consumer consumption?5 answersThe development and implementation of novel food ingredients for consumer consumption face several challenges. Regulatory considerations play a crucial role, with different countries having varying approaches to safety assessments. Balancing the desired functionality of ingredients with complex regulations and consumer preferences is a significant challenge for product developers. Ensuring the safety of novel protein sources, such as edible insects, requires thorough research to identify and mitigate potential hazards, including microbiological, chemical, and physical risks. Additionally, consumer acceptability is a key challenge, with studies showing that making insects less visible in food products can improve consumer perceptions. Overall, addressing regulatory requirements, ensuring safety, and enhancing consumer acceptance are critical challenges in the development and implementation of novel food ingredients for consumer consumption.
What are the best practices for ensuring consistency of good service or product?4 answersThe best practices for ensuring consistency of good service or product include: (1) having a stable, well-defined proprietary cell line and a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant supply chain with a process control strategy to manage variability, (2) implementing a tightly controlled procedure for process changes to ensure product consistency, (3) building in redundancy and flexibility to adapt rapidly to unexpected developments, (4) using a method for confirming product consistency by comparing standard parameters with following products, and (5) prioritizing the hotel guest and analyzing and improving business processes to reduce defects and provide high-quality products and services.
What are some unsolved challenges in drug repurposing research?5 answersDrug repurposing research faces several unsolved challenges. One challenge is the need to identify suitable candidates that can effectively compete with the numerous drugs commonly used in clinical practice for specific diseases. Another challenge is the lack of clear regulatory guidance for using real-world data in drug repurposing studies. Additionally, there is a lack of sex-aware methods in drug repurposing research, which hinders the identification of drugs that have sex-specific responses. Furthermore, obtaining research funds for generic drug repurposing is challenging, and commercial parties often lack interest in pursuing marketing authorization for repurposed drugs. These challenges highlight the need for increased public funding for generic drug repurposing research and a reduction in the regulatory burden for repurposed generic drugs. Overall, addressing these challenges will contribute to the advancement of drug repurposing research and its potential benefits in terms of cost and time savings, as well as improved healthcare outcomes.
How can natural products be used as sources of new drugs?5 answersNatural products have historically been a valuable source of new drugs. They have contributed significantly to pharmacotherapy, especially for cancer and infectious diseases. Natural products offer an immense chemical diversity found in animals, plants, and microorganisms, making them attractive for drug discovery. Recent technological developments, such as improved analytical tools, genome mining, and engineering strategies, have addressed the challenges associated with natural product-based drug discovery, revitalizing interest in their potential as drug leads. Bisindole alkaloids, extracted from various natural products, have shown promising therapeutic effects for cancer treatment. Reptiles, another source of natural products, have been found to possess anticancer properties, and extracts, crude peptides, sera, and venom from reptiles have demonstrated inhibitory effects on cancer cells. Natural products also show potential in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, particularly in targeting renal fibrosis. These findings highlight the diverse applications and opportunities for using natural products as sources of new drugs.
How to have consistency in studying?3 answersConsistency in studying can be achieved by approaching it from an analytical perspective and measuring it systematically. It is important to critically review the literature and communicate with colleagues to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the topic. The consistency principle plays a crucial role in the comparative study of solutions, allowing for the characterization of existing solutions and the discovery of new ones in various areas. Additionally, the drive for consistency by inferential processes that draw on rule-governed and similarity relations contributes to the distinction between these two types of relations. When studying and reporting the performance of tests, it is essential to use accurate and appropriate measures, such as the positive predictive value (PPV), rather than relying solely on terms like "accuracy". By following these approaches and principles, consistency can be maintained in studying.

See what other people are reading

Is predective maintenance needed for companies?
5 answers
Predictive maintenance is crucial for companies as it can lead to improved profitability, sustainable business balance, and enhanced decision-making processes. By investing in predictive maintenance, companies can achieve better profitability ratios, sustainable value indexes, and reduce extraordinary maintenance costs. Additionally, incorporating prognostic information into maintenance scheduling models can help in estimating the remaining useful life of components, optimizing maintenance costs, and reducing failure probabilities. Furthermore, the adoption of prescriptive maintenance, especially in dynamic contexts like airline operations, can enable companies to promptly generate alternative plans in response to unplanned changes, minimizing disruptions, financial losses, and maintaining brand trust. Therefore, the integration of predictive and prescriptive maintenance strategies is essential for companies aiming to optimize operations, reduce costs, and ensure sustainable business growth.
What is the impact of online customer reviews in services?
10 answers
Online customer reviews significantly influence the service industry, affecting both consumer behavior and business strategies. The presence of online reviews has been shown to encourage firms to adapt their quality and pricing strategies to meet customer expectations, with a tendency to increase quality and lower prices initially, followed by a later stage of decreased quality and increased prices as firms respond to the evolving landscape of customer feedback. This dynamic underscores the importance of managing online customer perceptions through quality and pricing adjustments. Moreover, user-generated content (UGC) on social media plays a crucial role in shaping customer choices and enhancing service providers' brand equity, revenue, and service innovations, particularly in the hospitality and tourism sectors. The analysis of big data from online reviews reveals that service, room, and value evaluations are critical components influencing customer satisfaction, while negative emotions and brand type can adversely affect guest satisfaction. Online reviews also foster product innovation, especially in software, where both the sentiment and quantity of reviews positively impact iterative innovation. However, the complexity of a product can moderate this relationship, indicating that not all feedback is equally useful for all types of products. The perceived risk associated with services can be mitigated by online reviews, leading to more positive behavioral intentions among consumers. The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the role of online reviews in reflecting shifts in consumer perceptions and evaluations of service experiences, with a noticeable increase in the expression of negative emotions. In the hotel industry, understanding customer experiences through online reviews is essential for maintaining satisfaction and fostering repurchase intentions, with service and dining factors significantly affecting customer satisfaction. Similarly, in the educational sector, service quality and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) have been identified as key influencers of customer satisfaction and word-of-mouth intentions, suggesting that service providers should leverage social media channels to exceed customer expectations. The global service industry relies on online reviews for critical information that shapes consumer purchasing decisions and firms' operational strategies. For boutique hotels, addressing service quality gaps identified through online reviews is crucial for maximizing customer satisfaction and supporting the tourism industry. Finally, in a dual-channel distribution model, online consumer reviews influence pricing decisions and profitability, highlighting the strategic importance of managing online reviews across different sales channels.
How the nitrogen content would change in mesenchymal differentiation to bone? edit?
4 answers
During mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into bone, the nitrogen content can be influenced by various factors. For instance, in the study by Li et al., gene-loaded lipopolysaccharide-amine nanopolymersomes (LNPs) synthesized at pH 8.5 showed optimal transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity when inducing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Additionally, the presence of amine functionalities on titanium surfaces, achieved through nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) treatment with humidified ammonia, led to increased osteogenic activity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). These findings suggest that nitrogen content may change during mesenchymal differentiation to bone due to the influence of factors like transfection efficiency, surface chemistry modifications, and cellular responses to specific treatments.
What is(are) the mechanism(s) for water impacting adhesive bond strength?
5 answers
Water impacts adhesive bond strength through various mechanisms. One significant mechanism is the hydrolysis of the adhesive due to water absorption, leading to a decrease in bonding strength over time. Additionally, the diffusion of water into the adhesive layer and subsequent attack on the interface contribute to weakening the bond. Critical to this process is the build-up of local water concentration near the interface, causing interfacial swelling stresses and weakening of interfacial bonds, ultimately leading to a loss of adhesion. Furthermore, the presence of water content in adhesives affects their physicochemical properties, such as degree of conversion, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and compressive strength, influencing the overall bond strength.
Volleyball commom training instrucion?
5 answers
Common volleyball training instructions include focusing on physical fitness improvement, implementing functional training methods to enhance athletes' sensibility and performance abilities, utilizing specialized training devices like a volleyball spiking training device, incorporating a multifunctional volleyball training device for diverse training options, and utilizing a volleyball training device with features like height adjustment for different users and continuous ball supply for uninterrupted training. These strategies aim to improve players' physical qualities, enhance performance efficiency, ensure quality spiking training, offer diverse training functions, and provide convenient and efficient training sessions. By following these instructions, coaches and athletes can optimize their training routines and work towards achieving higher levels of skill and performance in volleyball.
What are the techniques used for the analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds?
5 answers
The analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) involves various techniques. Gas chromatography is commonly used for analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fungi in liquid culture. Vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction (VASE) is employed for extracting VOCs from bacterial mono- and co-cultures, providing a solvent-free and efficient method. Additionally, active sampling on sorbent tubes followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis is utilized for quantifying mVOCs in ambient and exhaled air, offering reliable detection and quantification of 21 mVOCs. Furthermore, including proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) in metabolomic studies enables the capture of volatile compounds missed by other techniques, enhancing the understanding of microbial processes involving VOCs in soil.
What are the different types of data collection methods used in qualitative research?
5 answers
Qualitative research employs various data collection methods such as interviews, observations, focus groups, documentation, surveys, participatory arrangements, and qualitative audio-visual materials. Researchers act as human instruments in qualitative studies, determining focus, selecting informants, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Analytic strategies in qualitative analysis range from inductive thematic analysis to established traditions like case studies, ethnography, grounded theory, narrative analysis, and phenomenology, each with specific tools for analysis. Additionally, alternative qualitative data collection methods like bricolage and distance researching are gaining attention for their ability to provide depth and rigor in inquiries. These diverse methods offer researchers a comprehensive toolkit to explore and understand complex social phenomena in qualitative research.
What is the impact of online reviews on consumer behavior and decision-making?
5 answers
Online reviews significantly influence consumer behavior and decision-making in various ways. Factors such as valence (positive or negative sentiment), volume (quantity of reviews), recentness, and review length play crucial roles in shaping consumer perceptions. Consumers heavily rely on online reviews to make informed purchase decisions, with credibility and reviewer characteristics also impacting their choices. The informativeness of reviews affects product quality, price decisions, and market dynamics, especially in relation to customer valuation and willingness to pay. Review valence and volume create trust between consumers and online retailers, influencing purchase intentions, although review valence tends to be more impactful. Consumers interpret star ratings and comments differently, with star ratings influencing product comparisons and comments affecting individual product evaluations.
What are the different models of service leaerning?
5 answers
Different models of service delivery include person-centered approaches for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (I/DD), service quality assessment models for businesses like fast food restaurants, and models of police service delivery preferences based on citizen input, such as community-oriented policing and public-private partnerships. Additionally, there are models for training service providers, involving classification and conversion models to enhance service quality. These models emphasize the importance of tailored services, quality assessment, community involvement, and training to meet the diverse needs of service recipients across various sectors.
What is PPK?
5 answers
PPK stands for "Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter" which translates to Character Education Strengthening Program. It is a program aimed at enhancing character development among students and communities. PPK initiatives include promoting entrepreneurship among students and alumni, fostering collaboration between schools, families, and communities for effective character education, implementing character education based on specific books like Al-Akhlaq li al-Banin, integrating character education into thematic learning at schools, and providing character education training based on positive psychology to enhance community well-being. PPK focuses on instilling values such as discipline, religiousness, nationalism, solidarity, and cooperation to build a strong foundation for individuals and communities.
How effective are demonstration methods in improving students' understanding of heat transfer?
4 answers
Demonstration methods play a crucial role in enhancing students' understanding of heat transfer. Studies emphasize the significance of employing demonstration techniques in teaching to improve academic performance and conceptual understanding. Utilizing interactive demonstrations positively influences cognitive learning outcomes in heat energy subjects, leading to significant improvements in student comprehension. Additionally, the creation of open-source computational solvers for heat transfer problems aids in active learning and teaching delivery, proving to be immensely beneficial in the overall teaching-learning process of heat transfer. Visual representations, such as thermal boundary layer visualization activities, have shown to significantly enhance students' learning experiences and engagement in fluid mechanics and heat transfer courses. Overall, incorporating demonstration methods and visual aids effectively enhances students' understanding of heat transfer concepts.