What is Cast?4 answersCAST is a program package that allows for the accurate treatment of large and flexible molecular systems. It offers various algorithms for determining thermally accessible minima and reaction paths, as well as access to free energies. CAST includes standard force fields and a newly developed symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based force field. It also provides interfaces for semiempirical computations and density functional theory calculations. The program is available on request. CAST is also a medical cast that comprises an elastic band, elastic fibers, and binding units. It is designed to be easily operable and less likely to be damaged or defunctionalized during the manufacturing process. Additionally, CAST is a project that aims to develop understanding of the potential release mechanisms of carbon-14 from radioactive waste materials. It focuses on the release of carbon-14 from various materials and provides an overview of the project and its output. CAST was also developed to rapidly develop robot architectures using a large number of heterogeneous components and maintain a close relationship between the design of an information-processing architecture and its implementation in software. It supports component interaction patterns and has been used in scenarios requiring high-level processing in addition to traditional robotic subsystems.
Issues in corrosion behaviour in high chromium cast iron4 answersHigh chromium cast irons (HCCIs) are versatile materials used for their wear resistance. However, when corrosion is also a factor, the composition of the cast iron needs to be adapted. Increasing the chromium content in the metallic matrix can improve corrosion resistance, similar to high-Cr stainless steels. Decarburization has detrimental effects on the erosion and corrosion resistance of high chromium cast iron. It leads to a change in microstructure and a drop in surface hardness, reducing resistance to erosion and corrosion. Hypereutectic high chromium cast iron (HHCCI) is a new corrosion-wear-resistant material. Its corrosion wear resistance is influenced by the number, size, shape, and distribution of carbides, as well as the microstructure of the matrix. Refining primary carbides, heat treatment, deep cooling treatment, and alloying are methods to improve corrosion wear resistance. Copper alloying improves the corrosion resistance of HHCCI, as shown by predicted corrosion current density and electrochemical test results.
What are the parameters affecting the cast quality in investment casting?4 answersThe parameters affecting the cast quality in investment casting include wax material, mould material, number of ceramic coats, feed location, layer thickness, build angle, support structure density, support touchpoint size, die temperature, wax temperature, injection pressure, shell firing temperature and time, cooling rate, preheat temperature, firing temperature, firing time, and melt pouring temperature. These parameters have been found to have significant effects on dimensional accuracy, geometric characteristics, mechanical properties, porosity, and shrinkage of the castings. The optimal values for these parameters vary depending on the specific application and desired outcomes. For example, in the case of stainless-steel casting, the dominant parameter affecting dimensional accuracy is the mould material, followed by the number of ceramic coats and wax material, while feed location has negligible contribution. In Rapid Investment Casting using Stereolithography, the most impactful parameters affecting dimensional and geometric accuracy are build angle and layer thickness. The identified parameters and their specific range of values can be controlled and optimized to achieve defect-free castings with desired mechanical properties.
What are the properties of carbon steels?5 answersCarbon steels have excellent ductility and toughness, making them suitable for applications in railroad, shipment, building, and bridge construction. They can resist stresses and strains effectively, ensuring safe operation of devices through nondestructive testing (NDT). The microstructure of carbon steels can vary depending on the heat treatment, resulting in different properties such as hardness and corrosion resistance. Coarse ferrite-pearlite, fine ferrite-pearlite, martensite, and bainite are some of the microstructures that can be developed through heat treatment. The mechanical properties of carbon steels, including tensile strength and ductility, can be influenced by factors such as carbon concentration and solid fraction during solidification. Additionally, the mechanical properties of carbon steels can be evaluated through tensile tests and microhardness tests.
What are characteristics of a brand?5 answersBrands have several characteristics that make them unique and valuable. They allow for market offers to be identified and differentiated from competitors, minimizing risk and time-consuming activities for consumers. Brands are central to positioning, marketing communications, word of mouth, customer relationships, and firm profits. Brand personality is a crucial characteristic, as it influences brand image, loyalty, and willingness to recommend the brand. Successful brands possess brand equity, which includes brand awareness, perceived quality, loyalty, and brand associations. Brands are also important in consumer buying behavior, as they influence purchasing decisions and highlight consumers' personality in different contexts. Overall, successful brands have well-priced products, consistent quality, and create a strong impression on consumers.
Does 3D printed casting molds have an effect on the mechanical properties of the cast iron?5 answers3D printed casting molds can have an effect on the mechanical properties of cast iron. The use of 3D-printed molds made of artificial mullite sand and furan binder resulted in the generation of multiple cavities in castings with high and medium oxygen contents. However, cavities were not observed in castings with low oxygen content or those obtained from CO2 molds made of silica sand and water glass. The addition of a powdered wax filler in the 3D printing process helped reduce the thermal expansion of the parts and improved dimensional accuracy and stability. The use of 3D sand printing technology for mold production in metal casting has shown promise in terms of part complexity, casting design, and rapid mold production. The influence of machine settings on the physical characteristics of 3D-printed sand, such as density, permeability, strength, and print resolution, has been investigated to inform mold manufacturing in the foundry industry.