What are the current methods for removing ammonia from wastewater for nutrient recovery?5 answersVarious methods are employed for removing ammonia from wastewater to facilitate nutrient recovery. One approach involves the use of redox flow deionization cells (RFDCs) for efficient removal of ammonia and phosphate, demonstrating high energy efficiency and continuous operation. Another method utilizes powdered ion exchange resin for ammonia removal and recovery from low-strength municipal wastewater, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 44.39 mg/g and subsequent recovery of ammonia as struvite through a two-stage crystallization process. Additionally, chemical precipitation with magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (struvite) is a common technique, but its low market value necessitates further processing. Thermal decomposition of struvite can recover added-value products and recycle magnesium for further precipitation, offering a potential method for ammonia removal and nutrient recovery.
What are the main sources of land contamination in the Philippines?3 answersThe main sources of land contamination in the Philippines include the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural practices. Additionally, the improper management of animal waste, both from land and aquatic species, contributes to soil contamination. The burning of agricultural residues also leads to environmental pollution. Furthermore, the accumulation of heavy metals, such as lead, in the soil poses a risk to both humans and the environment. The presence of parasite eggs in the soil, including those from Ascaris spp., Trichuris spp., and Toxocara spp., indicates contamination and potential health risks. Overall, agricultural activities, improper waste management, and the presence of pollutants like heavy metals and parasite eggs are the main sources of land contamination in the Philippines.
Ammonia effects in wastewater and environment5 answersAmmonia in wastewater has severe effects on water quality and human health. It leads to the excessive proliferation of toxic algae, which can cause death in fish by preventing oxygen from reaching their gills. Humans can also be affected indirectly by consuming polluted seafood and water. Therefore, it is important for industries to treat wastewater before disposing of it into the environment. Various methods, including biological, chemical, and physical techniques, can be used to eliminate ammonia from wastewater. Microbiological approaches are the most conventional and cost-effective methods for ammonia removal. Recent technologies, such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation and full ammonia oxidation, have also been developed for rapid and cost-effective removal of ammonia from wastewater. Physicochemical methods, such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ion-exchange processes, are commercially available for ammonia removal in water purification. Biological processes, such as nitrification, denitrification, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, as well as bioelectrochemical systems and microalgal growth, are used for nitrogen removal and recovery in wastewater treatment.
Ammonia causing Water pollution5 answersAmmonia is a nitrogenous compound that can cause water pollution, leading to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. It is discharged into natural water bodies by industrial and agricultural sectors. Ammonia pollution can also occur through accidents, such as ammonia pipe leaks, which can result in air and water pollution. Nitrogenous pollutants, including ammonia, can have toxic effects in water, stimulate eutrophication, and interfere with purification processes. Ammonia emissions primarily originate from agricultural sources and contribute to a wide range of environmental problems, including acid deposition, excess nutrient deposition, and climate change. Despite its harmful effects, ammonia emissions have not been subject to stringent control policies, unlike other pollutants. Therefore, it is important to identify emission sources and policy options to reduce the harmful environmental effects of ammonia.
How does ammonia impact the water quality?5 answersAmmonia has a severe influence on water quality and human health. It can lead to excessive proliferation of toxic algae, prevent oxygen from reaching fish's gills resulting in death, and indirectly affect humans through polluted seafood and water. Ammonia can also stimulate phytoplankton growth, exhibit toxicity to aquatic biota, and exert an oxygen demand in surface waters, degrading lake water quality. Additionally, ammonia can impact the conductivity of water during wastewater treatment using membrane distillation technology. Excess nitrogen deposition, including ammonia, can also contribute to water eutrophication, soil acidification, elevated greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss.
What are the sources of ammonia in freshwater?5 answersAmmonia in freshwater can come from various sources. In lakes, ammonia is released from the sediments, primarily through the deamination of proteins, amino acids, and urea. Fishpond waters can also be a source of ammonia, with emissions occurring from both the water and uneaten feed. Mudflats, despite being near surface water bodies, have uncertain contributions to atmospheric ammonia. Additionally, ammonia can be produced by fish waste, which can be lethal to fish even in oxygen-rich environments. However, an ammonia adsorption product has been developed to remove ammonia from water, extending the life of fish by converting toxic ammonia into ammonium. Overall, the sources of ammonia in freshwater include sediment release, fishponds, mudflats, and fish waste.