What are the effects of increased concentration of citrate and atp?
Best insight from top research papers
Increased concentration of citrate and ATP have various effects. Citrate increases the maximal amount of Ca2+ accumulation by mitochondria and contributes to an increase in the Ca2+ H+ ratio, preserving membrane potential . ATP, on the other hand, increases both the maximal amount of Ca2+ accumulation and H+ emission by mitochondria, without altering the Ca2+ H+ ratio . When citrate and ATP are provided together, the Ca2+ H+ ratio and H+ emission are significantly increased, resulting in a considerable enlargement of Ca2+ accumulation . Incorporating ATP into calcium sulfate hemihydrate/calcium citrate tetrahydrate cement affects its mechanical and degradation properties, with higher ATP content leading to decreased compressive strength and increased degradation rate . ATP citrate-lyase gene expression is greatly dependent on carbohydrate, with protein feeding not necessary for its induction . Increased ATP concentration alters the concentration gradients and increases the K-m of the mitochondrial citrate transporter .
Answers from top 3 papers
More filters
| Papers (3) | Insight |
|---|---|
| Copilot couldn't generate the response. Please try again after some time. | |
| The effects of increased concentration of citrate and ATP are not mentioned in the provided paper. | |
2 Citations | The effects of increased concentration of citrate and ATP include an increase in the Ca2+ H+ ratio, preservation of membrane potential, and an enlargement of the maximal amount of Ca2+ being accumulated. |
Related Questions
What role does citrate play in regulating mitochondrial transcription?5 answersCitrate plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial transcription by influencing differentiation processes in various cell types. Mitochondrial citrate is involved in orchestrating histone acetylation and gene expression during trophoblast differentiation, highlighting its central role in cellular differentiation. Additionally, citrate is essential for osteogenic lineage determination in mesenchymal stem cells, affecting epigenetic markers associated with differentiation processes. Furthermore, citrate regulates the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, such as the citrate carrier (CIC), emphasizing its role in long-term regulatory mechanisms controlling lipid homeostasis. Moreover, citrate acts as a regulator of Ggc1p, a mitochondrial carrier protein, influencing the transport of GTP across mitochondrial membranes and contributing to the homeostasis of the guanine nucleotide pool within the mitochondria.
What are the effects that increasing the calcium ions had on the heart?5 answersIncreasing calcium ions in the heart can have various effects on cardiac function. Firstly, elevated intracellular calcium levels can lead to electrical abnormalities, such as arrhythmias, and mechanical issues like decreased contractile force and aftercontractions. Additionally, changes in calcium concentration play a crucial role in both short-term contraction (excitation-contraction coupling) and long-term gene expression regulation (excitation-transcription coupling) in response to different physiological and pathological stimuli. Moreover, calcium overload can induce cytotoxic edema during ischemic-reperfusion injury, affecting water homeostasis in cardiac muscle and potentially leading to functional impairment. Furthermore, increased calcium levels are associated with the control of both contraction and transcription in the heart, influencing cardiac output and hypertrophic growth, which can progress to decompensated states in heart failure.
How to increasemitochondria?4 answersIncreasing mitochondria can be achieved through various approaches. One approach is the use of RNS60, a saline solution containing oxygenated nanobubbles, which has been shown to upregulate mitochondrial biogenesis in neuronal cells. Another approach involves the use of O-(3-piperidino-2-hydroxypropyl) nicotinic amidoxime or its acid addition salt, which can be used to prepare a pharmaceutical composition that increases mitochondrial genesis. Endurance exercise has also been found to increase mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, leading to greater rates of oxidative phosphorylation and improved fatty acid utilization. Additionally, raising plasma free fatty acids through a high-fat diet and heparin injections has been shown to induce an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta. Finally, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) mediated by the transcription factor ATFS-1 has been found to play a role in mitochondrial network expansion during development.
Why is ATP important in bacteria?5 answersATP is important in bacteria because it serves as a universal energy-carrying molecule that cells consume and regenerate to support growth. It plays a central role in respiration, metabolism, and enzymatic reactions, making it the most important energy supplier in many cellular processes. ATP dynamics in individual bacterial cells are associated with growth rate variability, and fluctuations in ATP levels are partially coordinated with the cell cycle. Overflow metabolism, specifically aerobic acetate fermentation, contributes to fluctuating ATP levels during growth. Additionally, various gut bacteria, including commensals and pathogens, secrete ATP at different growth phases, which can modulate immune cell function. Overall, ATP is crucial for cellular energetics, phenotypic diversity, and cell growth in bacteria.
What happens if there is too much citric acid cycle activation?5 answersExcessive activation of the citric acid cycle can have various effects. In the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD), studies have shown that CKD patients exhibit abnormalities in the citric acid cycle, indicating a potential link between mitochondrial metabolism and kidney injury. In heart mitochondria, it has been observed that control of the citric acid cycle is shared among several enzymes, and the supply of free coenzyme A can become critical at high oxidation rates. Additionally, a citric acid cycle activator has been developed, which effectively activates the enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle. In plants, dysregulation of the citric acid cycle flux is frequently observed, and genetic and non-genetic alterations of the TCA cycle have been identified. In microbial fuel cells, enhanced activation of the citric acid cycle has been shown to improve glycerol oxidation and increase power density.
What are the different roles of ATP in the cell?3 answersATP plays multiple roles in the cell. It acts as a danger signal, promoting inflammation and cell proliferation. ATP also regulates biochemical processes as a substrate, allosteric modulator, biosynthetic precursor, and signaling molecule. It is the primary molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells, produced via oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. ATP serves as the "energy currency" of the cell, providing readily releasable energy and participating in signaling and DNA/RNA synthesis. Additionally, ATP can solubilize proteins, potentially through its characteristics as a hydrotrope. Overall, ATP is involved in immune response, protein structure and stability, energy production, cellular function, and protein solubilization.