What is the definition of a conceptual framework in research studies?5 answersA conceptual framework in research studies is a structured outline that integrates various perspectives and elements to guide the planning, evaluation, and development of different fields. It serves as a foundation for organizing knowledge, theories, models, and empirical data to address existing gaps and emerging questions in a systematic manner. For instance, in the context of healthy cities, a conceptual framework includes elements like research questions, theories, and visual representations to support planning and design. Similarly, in the context of mental health and body representation, a conceptual framework defines and integrates different perspectives to better understand the development of distortions in body perception across the lifespan. In healthcare services, a conceptual framework for organ donation and transplantation identifies critical factors for a successful program, incorporating political, societal, and clinical aspects.
Conceptual framework provide?5 answersConceptual frameworks serve as visual organizing tools and mental maps to guide research in various fields, including international relations, social sciences, decision support, and prognostic research. They help overcome conceptual confusion by providing a structured approach to understanding complex phenomena. These frameworks play a crucial role in defining components, information flows, and categorization based on user behaviors and preferences. In the context of resilience, a conceptual framework aids in analyzing problems, prescribing solutions, and understanding ways to address challenges effectively. Furthermore, in prognostic research, conceptual frameworks differentiate between exploratory and confirmatory studies, clarify study objectives, and address common misunderstandings related to study design and interpretation. Overall, conceptual frameworks are essential tools that provide structure, clarity, and guidance in research endeavors across diverse disciplines.
Is polycaprolactone a non newtonian fluid?4 answersPolycaprolactone (PCL) exhibits characteristics that align with non-Newtonian fluid behavior under certain conditions, particularly when modified or in specific formulations. The synthesis of PCL using a commercial enzyme as a catalyst in a clean-technology process demonstrates its versatility and potential for modification in rheological properties. This adaptability is crucial for understanding its behavior under different conditions, which can lead to non-Newtonian characteristics.
The study on the flow behavior of polystyrene solutions, which shares similarities with PCL in terms of polymer behavior in solutions, indicates that polymers can exhibit non-Newtonian behavior such as shear thinning and normal stress differences. This suggests that under certain conditions, PCL could exhibit similar non-Newtonian behaviors when in solution or when modified.
Further evidence of PCL's potential non-Newtonian behavior comes from the exploration of its rheological properties when modified through reactive melt processing (REx). The modification led to an increase in viscosity and a shift from Newtonian to shear-thinning behavior, indicating that PCL can exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics when chemically modified.
Additionally, the study on suspensions of solid particles in a viscoelastic polymer matrix, using PCL as the suspending fluid, demonstrates that the incorporation of particles can alter the rheological properties of the polymer solution, leading to an increase in both viscous and elastic moduli. This reinforces the concept that PCL, under certain conditions or formulations, can behave as a non-Newtonian fluid.
In summary, while PCL in its pure form might not inherently exhibit non-Newtonian fluid behavior, modifications through chemical reactions, the addition of particles, or its behavior in solutions can induce non-Newtonian characteristics such as shear thinning and changes in viscosity.
What is a conceptual framework?5 answersA conceptual framework is a theoretical framework that provides a structure for understanding and analyzing a particular phenomenon or topic. It is a set of interconnected concepts, ideas, and assumptions that guide research and analysis in a specific field. The conceptual framework helps researchers to define the scope of their study, identify key variables and relationships, and develop hypotheses or research questions. It also provides a basis for interpreting and analyzing data, as well as for making conclusions and recommendations. The construction or creation of knowledge is situated in historical, cultural, social, environmental, and language contexts, among so many others. Complexity science is a systematic investigation of emergent phenomena in various disciplines, providing a conceptual framework for understanding collective behavior. In the field of healthcare, a conceptual framework is used to develop patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and understand the impact of medical interventions on patients' quality of life. In the field of design, a conceptual framework helps generate novel concepts and innovative products. The conceptual framework is based on theories and arguments that provide a foundation for research and analysis in a specific field.
How can non-Newtonian fluids be used to improve the safety of helmets?5 answersNon-Newtonian fluids can be used to improve the safety of helmets by adding a non-Newtonian fluid layer to the helmet. This fluid layer becomes more solid under impact, dissipating energy and reducing the transmission of energy to the wearer's head. The addition of a non-Newtonian fluid layer helps to mitigate angular acceleration, which is a significant contributing factor to brain injuries. By developing stress fractures, the non-Newtonian fluid layer absorbs and dissipates energy, providing better protection to the wearer. This approach has the potential to decrease the severity of brain injuries and improve the overall safety of helmets.
What is conceptual framework?5 answersA conceptual framework is a collection of concepts used for a particular purpose, providing a structure and environment for understanding and analyzing a specific topic or phenomenon. It serves as a foundation for research, guiding the development of theories, hypotheses, and research methodologies. The structure of a conceptual framework influences the formation of beliefs and the types of relationships that can be explored within a given context. It can also act as a constraint on rational degrees of belief in inductive reasoning. Conceptual frameworks can be applied to various fields, such as healthcare (Leggett et al.), rural governance (Shen), populism (Schwörer), work-life balance (Low and Chua), and inductive reasoning (Sznajder).