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What are the main challenges in biomedical named entity recognition? 


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Biomedical named entity recognition (NER) faces several challenges. Limited data availability is a major challenge due to the high expertise, time, and expenses required for data annotation . Another challenge is the synonym generalization problem, where existing dictionary-based approaches struggle to identify concept synonyms not listed in the given dictionary . Inconsistent predictions and low label consistency are also challenges, especially when NER models need to operate at a document level . Additionally, the absence of publicly accessible annotated datasets hampers the use of deep learning-based methods in BioNER . Finally, the complexity and time-consuming nature of Bio-NER make it challenging to process large datasets efficiently .

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The main challenges in biomedical named entity recognition include the presence of synonyms and alternate spellings of entities, difficulty in detecting entity boundaries, nested entities, and polysemy.
The main challenge in biomedical named entity recognition is the extension from a sentence-level model to a document-level model, which is not always straightforward.
The main challenges in biomedical named entity recognition include difficulty in segmenting sentences with named entities, changes in spelling, long entity lengths, and ambiguity in abbreviated expressions.
The main challenge in biomedical named entity recognition is the identification of concept synonyms that are not listed in the given dictionary, referred to as the synonym generalization problem.
The main challenge in biomedical named entity recognition is limited data availability, which requires high expertise, time, and expenses for annotation.

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