What are the main symptoms of PKAN disease?
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PKAN disease is characterized by a range of symptoms including dystonia, speech difficulties, extrapyramidal symptoms, and brain iron deposition. The disease has two main phenotypes: classic and atypical. Classic PKAN typically presents in childhood with early onset dystonia, pyramidal dysfunction, and developmental delay. Atypical PKAN has a later disease onset and slower progression, with dystonia being the most frequent movement disorder. Other symptoms that may be encountered in atypical PKAN include parkinsonism, chorea, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Cognitive impairments, particularly in inhibition, flexibility, and cognitive fluency, have also been observed in the early stages of the disease. The hallmark of PKAN on MRI is the "eye of the tiger" sign, characterized by hypointensity of the globus pallidus surrounded by an area of hyperintensity.
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16 Citations | The main symptoms of PKAN disease include speech disorder, severe generalized dystonia, spasticity, visual loss, dysphagia, and dementia. |
| The main symptoms of PKAN disease include dystonia, pyramidal dysfunction, developmental delay, parkinsonism, chorea, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. | |
06 Nov 2015 1 Citations | The paper mentions that PKAN is characterized by pyramidal and extrapyramidal findings, but it does not specifically mention the main symptoms of the disease. |
| The main symptoms of PKAN disease include dysarthria, dystonia, speech difficulties, and extrapyramidal symptoms. These symptoms are mentioned in the paper. |
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