Which are the most commonly used metrics in recommender systems?5 answersThe most commonly used metrics in recommender systems include traditional evaluation metrics like AUC and ranking metrics. However, recent research has highlighted the importance of fairness metrics in recommender system evaluation, with a focus on reducing fairness problems through techniques like regularization. Additionally, a novel metric called commonality has been introduced to measure the degree to which recommendations familiarize a user population with specific categories of cultural content, aiming to align recommender systems with the promotion of shared cultural experiences. This metric contributes to the evolving landscape of recommender system evaluation, emphasizing not only personalized user experiences but also broader impacts on cultural experiences in the aggregate.
How can technological prediction help in the transfer of technologies?5 answersTechnological prediction plays a crucial role in facilitating the transfer of technologies by providing valuable insights and guidance. By analyzing patent dataand developing predictive models based on various decision variables, organizations can anticipate technology transfer outcomes, identify potential technology donors, assess technological impact, and evaluate technological proximity. These predictive models enable the selection of appropriate patents for transfer, enhance cost efficiency, and improve the success rate of technology commercialization. Additionally, predictive models help in adapting monitoring systems to new sites by adjusting models based on sensor signals. Overall, technological prediction aids in streamlining the technology transfer process, maximizing the utilization of developed technologies, and fostering innovation in various industries.
What is transmission loss?5 answersTransmission loss refers to the loss in the flow volume of a river as water moves downstream. It is an important factor in ephemeral and intermittent river systems, providing crucial ecosystem services. Transmission losses can be measured using various techniques, such as differential gauging of river flow at two locations or visual assessments of the wetted river length on satellite images. In the case of the Selwyn River in Canterbury, New Zealand, transmission losses were estimated using satellite images and verified through field observations and differential gauging campaigns. The results showed that the transmission losses in the Selwyn River ranged between 0.25 and 0.65 m3/s/km during most of the study period, with higher losses observed shortly after flood peaks. This research improved the understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions in the Selwyn River and provided valuable data for water management.
Can this quantified accuracy loss be used to forecast when a sensor is no longer reliable?5 answersThe quantified accuracy loss can be used to forecast when a sensor is no longer reliable. By analyzing the robustness of linear predictive models to temporary missing data, it is possible to assess how tolerant a given linear regression model is to sensor failures. This allows for the development of practical strategies for building and operating robust linear models in situations where sensor failures are expected. Additionally, process-monitoring methods used in quality-control engineering can be applied to assess the time and magnitude of suspected changes in sensor performance data. These methods rely on sample estimates of bias and standard deviation to monitor sensor performance over time. By comparing forecast bias based on historical data with observed bias based on current data, it is possible to identify when a sensor is no longer adequately calibrated.
Loss metrics designed for evaluating machine generated human behaviour?4 answersDesigning loss functions for evaluating machine-generated human behavior is an important task. Existing research has focused on automating the design of loss functions for various tasks and evaluation metrics. Several papers propose methods for automating the design of metric-specific loss functions by searching for differentiable surrogate losses. These methods involve substituting non-differentiable operations in the metrics with parameterized functions and conducting parameter search to optimize the shape of loss surfaces. The searched surrogate losses consistently outperform manually designed loss functions and can generalize well to different datasets and networks. Another paper presents a loss function analysis approach that quantifies different aspects of machine translation (MT) users' performance and derives a single customizable metric by applying values to correct responses and costs to different error types. Additionally, a general framework called AutoLoss-Zero is proposed for searching loss functions from scratch for generic tasks, using an elementary search space composed of primitive mathematical operators.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using software error prediction in software testing?5 answersSoftware error prediction in software testing has several advantages and disadvantages. One advantage is that it allows for the early detection of issues, saving time and money. Another advantage is that it can help in enhancing software quality by proactively identifying defects. Additionally, software error prediction can assist in improving customer satisfaction by reducing the number of faults and failures in software. On the other hand, a disadvantage of software error prediction is that traditional source code metrics may not capture the semantics of the code, limiting the accuracy of predictions. Furthermore, there may be challenges in handling the tremendous amount of data generated daily, which can affect the effectiveness of defect prediction. Overall, while software error prediction can offer benefits in terms of early detection and improved software quality, it also has limitations related to code semantics and data management.