What are the potential applications of Botrytis cinerea in phytoalexin detoxification and management in agriculture?
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Botrytis cinerea, a notorious plant pathogen, has demonstrated a remarkable ability to detoxify phytoalexins, plant-produced antimicrobial compounds, which presents both challenges and opportunities in agricultural management. Research has shown that B. cinerea can metabolize a wide range of phytoalexins, including rishitin, capsidiol, and resveratrol, through specific detoxification mechanisms, such as oxidation and dehydrogenation processes . This ability is facilitated by the fungus's genetic plasticity, allowing it to resist many fungicides . The fungus's capacity to distinguish between structurally similar phytoalexins and activate appropriate detoxification genes, such as Bccpdh for capsidiol detoxification, suggests a sophisticated level of host-pathogen interaction . The potential applications of this knowledge in agriculture are multifaceted. Understanding the genetic and enzymatic mechanisms behind phytoalexin detoxification can lead to the development of more effective fungicides that B. cinerea cannot easily detoxify. For instance, identifying genes like BcatrB and Bccpdh, which are crucial for the fungus's tolerance to specific phytoalexins, offers targets for novel fungicide development or genetic modification strategies aimed at disrupting these pathways . Moreover, the deployment of plant-beneficial bacteria as a biocontrol strategy represents an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides. Certain plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) exhibit mechanisms that can control grey mould disease, such as antibiosis and the induction of plant defence mechanisms, which could be harnessed alongside traditional methods for integrated disease management . Additionally, the development of tools like the B. cinerea gene expression browser (BEB) facilitates the analysis of gene expression patterns related to phytoalexin detoxification, aiding in the identification of potential gene targets for intervention . Research into biorational products and their efficacy against B. cinerea, as well as the exploration of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT), further expands the arsenal against this pathogen, offering innovative and sustainable management strategies . Finally, understanding the presence and impact of B. cinerea on native flora, as well as its resistance profiles to current fungicides, is crucial for developing comprehensive management strategies that protect both agricultural and native plant species . Collectively, these insights into B. cinerea's phytoalexin detoxification mechanisms and the ongoing development of novel management strategies highlight the potential for more effective and sustainable agricultural practices.
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| Papers (10) | Insight |
|---|---|
| Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) combat Botrytis cinerea through antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, and inducing plant defense mechanisms, offering eco-friendly grey mould disease control in agriculture. | |
24 Jul 2021 5 Citations | Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) combat Botrytis cinerea through antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, and inducing plant defense mechanisms, offering eco-friendly grey mould disease control in agriculture. |
| Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) combat Botrytis cinerea through antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, and inducing plant defense mechanisms, offering eco-friendly grey mould disease control in agriculture. | |
17 Citations | Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) combat Botrytis cinerea through antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, and inducing plant defense mechanisms, offering eco-friendly grey mould disease control in agriculture. |
| Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) combat Botrytis cinerea through antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, and inducing plant defense mechanisms, offering eco-friendly grey mould disease control in agriculture. | |
07 Nov 2022 | Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) combat Botrytis cinerea through antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, and inducing plant defense mechanisms, offering eco-friendly grey mould disease control in agriculture. |
| Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) combat Botrytis cinerea through antibiosis, space occupation, nutrient uptake, and inducing plant defense mechanisms, offering eco-friendly grey mould disease control in agriculture. | |
11 May 2022 | Botrytis cinerea utilizes detoxification mechanisms to metabolize phytoalexins like capsidiol, aiding in host plant recognition and virulence, potentially offering insights for agricultural disease management strategies. |
| Botrytis cinerea utilizes efflux transporters and metabolizing enzymes to tolerate phytoalexins from Solanaceae and Fabaceae plants, aiding in managing fungal diseases in agriculture. | |
| Botrytis cinerea utilizes detoxification genes like Bccpdh to metabolize phytoalexins like capsidiol, aiding in pathogenicity on specific host plants, potentially offering insights for agricultural disease management strategies. |
Related Questions
How does the application of juniper essential oil affect the growth and survival of Botrytis cinerea in forest seedling?5 answersThe application of juniper essential oil (JEO) has been shown to significantly inhibit the growth and survival of Botrytis cinerea, a plant pathogenic fungus. Studies have demonstrated that JEO inhibits spore germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea in a concentration-dependent manner, with concentrations exceeding 10 μL/mL exhibiting strong inhibition. Additionally, JEO damages fungal membranes, alters mycelial morphology, and reduces the activity of pathogenicity-related enzymes in B. cinerea. Furthermore, JEO contains various antimicrobial compounds like limonene, terpinen-4-ol, and linalool, contributing to its antifungal properties. These findings suggest that the application of juniper essential oil can be an effective natural alternative for controlling Botrytis cinerea in forest seedlings, potentially offering a sustainable and eco-friendly method for disease management.
What are the potential applications of Botrytis cinerea research in the development of novel biotechnological tools and processes?10 answersResearch on Botrytis cinerea, a significant phytopathogenic fungus, has unveiled various potential applications in the development of novel biotechnological tools and processes. The development of the BEB, a web-based B. cinerea gene expression browser, facilitates the analysis and visualization of gene expression patterns in B. cinerea, offering a platform for identifying genes involved in pathogenicity and resistance, which could be targeted in crop protection strategies. Additionally, the study of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) resistance in B. cinerea provides insights into managing fungicide resistance, crucial for developing new fungicidal compounds or strategies to mitigate resistance.
The exploration of B. cinerea proteases for the enzymatic degradation of heat haze-forming proteins in winemaking presents an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods, reducing labor costs and environmental impacts. Furthermore, the investigation into natural compounds like perillaldehyde demonstrates its potential as a safe and effective antifungal agent, offering a sustainable approach to managing gray mold disease.
Research into B. cinerea's ability to tolerate and detoxify phytoalexins through efflux and enzymatic detoxification mechanisms opens avenues for understanding fungal resistance mechanisms and developing novel fungicides. The study of B. cinerea's metabolism of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins and the identification of specific detoxification genes provides insights into the pathogen's host range and virulence, which could inform crop breeding programs for resistance.
The characterization of the B. cinerea surfactome, identifying potential pathogenicity and virulence factors, offers targets for fungicide development, contributing to the control of this pathogen. Lastly, the analysis of small RNAs in B. cinerea through high-throughput sequencing provides a foundation for understanding the fungus's developmental and pathogenic mechanisms at the transcriptional level, which could be exploited in biotechnological applications. Collectively, these studies highlight the multifaceted potential of B. cinerea research in advancing biotechnological tools and processes for agricultural and environmental benefits.
What are the specific plant genes that are activated in response to Botytis cinerea infection?10 answersIn response to Botrytis cinerea infection, plants activate a variety of specific genes as part of their defense mechanism. These genes are involved in various pathways, including pathogenesis-related proteins, flavonoid biosynthesis, and secondary metabolite production, which collectively contribute to the plant's resistance against the pathogen.
Pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, such as PR3 and PR4, are significantly upregulated in wild blueberry phenotypes upon B. cinerea infection, indicating their role in the plant's defense response. The expression of these genes varies among different phenotypes and is temporally regulated following pathogen inoculation. Similarly, in hazelnut plants, a comparative transcriptome profiling study identified 14 disease-resistant genes with significantly different expressions between a B. cinerea-resistant variety and a susceptible one, highlighting the complexity of the plant's defense mechanism against this pathogen.
Furthermore, genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, such as chalcone synthase, flavonol synthase, and anthocyanin synthase, are also modulated in response to B. cinerea infection. These genes are suppressed initially but show upregulation at later stages post-inoculation, suggesting a role in the plant's defense strategy by contributing to the accumulation of phenolic compounds.
Additionally, the defense elicitor β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) has been shown to induce a complex transcriptional reprogramming in strawberry leaves infected with B. cinerea, involving genes related to pathogen recognition, defense response signaling, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. However, in some cases, BABA treatment can paradoxically increase susceptibility to B. cinerea, indicating the nuanced nature of plant-pathogen interactions.
Moreover, the deletion of the white-collar-1 gene (bcwcl1) in B. cinerea, which encodes for a blue-light receptor/transcription factor, affects the plant's transcriptional responses to light, potentially altering the plant's defense mechanisms against the pathogen.
In summary, plants activate a diverse set of genes in response to B. cinerea infection, involving pathogenesis-related proteins, flavonoid biosynthesis, and secondary metabolite production, which are crucial for mounting an effective defense against the pathogen.
F Botrytis cinerea on tomato plants?5 answersBotrytis cinerea, a fungal pathogen, poses a threat to tomato plants. Several studies have explored the use of biocontrol agents to manage gray mold caused by B. cinerea. Clonostachys rosea, a fungal agent, has been successfully immobilized using sodium alginate microspheres, which enhanced its stability and efficiency in suppressing gray mold and promoting tomato growth. Trichoderma harzianum has also shown antagonism against B. cinerea and improved tomato resistance through the stimulation of cellular redox, secondary metabolites, and stomatal movement. Bacillus velezensis FX-6, isolated from the rhizosphere of plants, displayed significant inhibitory ability against B. cinerea and promoted tomato plant growth. Selenium application combined with foliar spraying of methyl jasmonate reduced B. cinerea infection in tomato fruits and leaves, improving fruit quality. Wild tomato relatives, such as S. habrochaites LYC4, possess partial resistance to B. cinerea, and further research is needed to understand the resistance mechanisms.
What is Botrytis Neck Rot in bulb crops?4 answersBotrytis neck rot is a disease that affects bulb crops, particularly onions. It is caused by the fungus Botrytis aclada and Botrytis allii. The disease is characterized by the development of water-soaked decay in the neck of infected bulbs, with softened and discolored inner scales and white to gray mycelium. In severe cases, the fleshy scales decay, and black sclerotia can be found between the rotting scales. The fungus can be isolated from infected tissue and identified through molecular techniques such as PCR-RFLP analysis and DNA sequencing. Both B. aclada and B. allii have been reported to cause neck rot in onion bulbs in different regions, including Gansu Province in China and Hokkaido in Japan. The disease can result in significant yield losses and can be spread through wind-dispersed spores and infected bulbs. Proper disease management measures and adherence to onion production guidelines can help reduce the impact of Botrytis neck rot.
What is the control management of Botrytis Neck Rot in bulb crops?3 answersControl management of Botrytis Neck Rot in bulb crops involves a combination of cultural methods and chemical fungicides. Cultural methods include reducing planting density, managing crop canopy for better aeration, fertigation with increased potassium and calcium levels, using soil mulch, avoiding harvesting on rainy days, and timing fungicide applications for optimal protection. Chemical fungicides such as Pageant, Medallion, Mertect plus Captan, Heritage, and Compass have been found to be effective in reducing neck rot and leaf necrosis in daffodil bulbs. In postharvest management, control programs rely on the use of fungicides, but alternative strategies such as biocontrol agents, physical means, natural antimicrobials, and decontaminating agents are being explored to minimize postharvest grey mould. Following onion production guidelines can also help reduce Botrytis Neck Rot in bulb crops.