What's the definition of transient disability?5 answersTransient disability refers to a temporary condition where individuals are unable to perform their work due to illness, injury, or accident, requiring medical care and follow-up. This type of disability can manifest in various forms, such as transient diplopia in adults with acquired strabismus, impacting their visual function. Additionally, transient cognitive impairment is characterized by sudden neuronal dysfunction leading to cognitive failure and delayed reaction times. Furthermore, intoxication with substances like kratom can result in transient paralysis, highlighting the importance for clinicians to be aware of such emerging drugs and their adverse effects. Overall, transient disability encompasses a range of temporary impairments that necessitate medical attention and management until individuals can resume their regular activities.
What are the short-term effects of peripherial chemoreflex on blood pressure in healthy individuals?5 answersPeripheral chemoreflex activation, particularly through hypoxia, has been shown to impact blood pressure in healthy individuals. Studies have demonstrated that acute activation of peripheral chemoreceptors with hypoxia can lead to an increase in heart rate and sympathetic activity without altering baroreflex sensitivity. Additionally, research has indicated that hypoxia can reduce arterial oxygen saturation, raise heart rate, and potentially impair baroreflex blood pressure buffering and baroreflex sensitivity in healthy individuals. Conversely, in patients with resistant hypertension, moderate peripheral chemoreflex activation did not attenuate acute responses to electrical baroreflex activation therapy, suggesting that the effects of chemoreflex activation on blood pressure may vary depending on the individual's health status.
How is blood pressure affected?4 answersBlood pressure can be affected by various factors. Environmental factors such as climate, temperature, and time of day can cause blood pressure changes. Behavioral factors like body position, activity, exercise, food, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and psychological stress can also alter blood pressure. Smoking, specifically due to nicotine, can lead to an immediate increase in blood pressure. Certain medications, such as antihypertensive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroids, can have interactions and affect blood pressure. Additionally, blood pressure can be influenced by the autonomic nervous system, and physiological feedback through a blood pressure managing device can help adjust blood pressure. It is important to note that blood pressure measurements can be affected in the short term by variables like smoking, exercise, stress, and ambient temperature.
How does the very short-term variability of arterial blood pressure ranges differ between healthy individuals and those with hypertension?5 answersShort-term blood pressure variability (BPV) is higher in patients with arterial hypertension compared to healthy individuals. Several indices of short-term BPV, including SD, SDw, CV, SV, and ARV, were found to be higher in hypertensive patients. However, the diagnostic informativeness of the CV index in assessing blood pressure variability was not established. The increase in short-term BPV in hypertensive patients may be associated with alterations in cardiovascular system functioning and the development of cardiovascular diseases and complications. Elevated short-term BPV has been shown to be independently associated with a higher risk of target organ damage, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension. Therefore, it can be concluded that the very short-term variability of arterial blood pressure ranges is higher in individuals with hypertension compared to healthy individuals.
How does drinking normal water affect blood pressure?4 answersDrinking normal water can have an effect on blood pressure. In patients with autonomic failure, water drinking elicits a large, acute, pressor response, leading to an increase in blood pressure. This response is also observed in quadriplegic patients, cardiac transplant recipients, and older healthy subjects, although to a lesser extent. However, in normal young subjects, ingestion of water does not have a significant pressor effect. The exact mechanism behind the pressor response to water is not known, but it is believed to involve sympathetic activation. Overall, the acute changes in blood pressure with water drinking appear to be mediated through activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Does exposure to O3 have short-term effects on mortality for cardiovascular diseases?3 answersExposure to O3 has short-term effects on mortality for cardiovascular diseases. Studies conducted in Guangzhou, China, Cape Town, China (meta-analysis), and a Chinese populationall found a significant positive association between O3 exposure and cardiovascular mortality. These studies analyzed daily cardiovascular hospital admissions, mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality. The risk of cardiovascular mortality increased with an increase in O3 concentration, and the association remained significant even after adjusting for other pollutants and risk factors. The effects of O3 exposure were observed in different age and gender groups, with older individuals and females being more vulnerable. However, one study conducted in Hefei, China did not find a significant association between O3 exposure and mortality from cardiovascular diseases.