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What are the specific socio-economic factors that have the most significant impact on subsistence farming households IN SOUTH AFRICA?? 


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Socio-economic factors that significantly impact subsistence farming households in South Africa include household size, access to irrigation systems, involvement in crop production, ownership of livestock, harvest size, disability within the family, social grants, agricultural assistance, education level, income per capita, and geographic location . These factors play a crucial role in determining household food security status, crop productivity, and dietary diversity among smallholder farmers. For instance, ownership of livestock and disability within the family negatively affect food security, while household size and involvement in crop production positively influence food security and nutrition status. Encouraging diversification in crop and animal species through support with resources like irrigation systems can enhance production capacities, reduce vulnerability, and improve livelihoods and food security among subsistence farming households in South Africa.

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Education level, income per capita, food expenditure, and geographic location are key socio-economic factors influencing dietary diversity among subsistence farming households in South Africa, as per the research findings.
Limited investment in agriculture, high dependency ratios, structural poverty, and racial inequalities are key socio-economic factors impacting subsistence farming households in South Africa, as highlighted in the research.
Access to irrigation systems, involvement in crop production, wealth index, household size, and ownership of livestock are significant socio-economic factors impacting subsistence farming households in South Africa.
Household size, marital status, household members with HIV, access to extension services, and disability of a household member significantly impact food security in South African subsistence farming households.
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