What are the structures of proteins?
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Proteins are complex macromolecules that play a crucial role in the functioning of living organisms. The structures of proteins are determined by the arrangement of their constituent amino acids. These structures are essential for understanding various biological phenomena and are utilized in describing and interpreting genetic regulation, enzyme mechanisms, antibody recognition, cellular energetics, and mechanical properties of molecular assemblies . Protein structures are made up of emergent building blocks such as helices and planar sheets, and a simple geometrical model of a flexible tube provides a unified framework for understanding the common characteristics of globular proteins . The packing between and among alpha-helices and pleated sheets, along with primary and secondary structures, are the major determinants of the three-dimensional structure of proteins . The folding of proteins into their native three-dimensional conformations is a complex process that involves various factors and is still not fully understood .
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| The paper discusses the determination of protein structures using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, which is useful for proteins in the crystalline solid state or integral parts of supramolecular structures. However, it does not provide specific information about the structures of proteins. | |
| The paper discusses the structures of proteins, specifically the packing of alpha-helices and pleated sheets. It describes the rules for how these structures interact and determine the three-dimensional structure of proteins. | |
12 Citations | The paper discusses the structural convolutions of proteins, including intrinsically disordered states and the folding of proteins into their native three-dimensional conformations. However, it does not provide a specific description of the structures of proteins. |
| The paper discusses the structure of proteins, specifically mentioning that protein structures are made up of emergent building blocks of helices and almost planar sheets. |
Related Questions
How to study protein structure ?5 answersProtein structure can be studied using various techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for molecular assemblies, Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting (HRPF) coupled with LC-MS/MS for protein conformational changes and interactions, fluorescence emission spectrum analysis for conformational state evaluation, genetic interactions in vivo for determining protein structure, and web-based protein structure databases for accessing experimentally determined structures and evolutionary relationships. These methods provide insights into protein conformation, interactions, and functions at different levels of resolution, from atomic to whole structure. By utilizing a combination of these techniques, researchers can comprehensively analyze protein structures, understand their functions, and explore their roles in biological processes.
What are proteins?5 answersProteins are polymers made up of 20 different amino acids (AA). They are the common constituents of all living cells and serve numerous roles in the body. Proteins have unique properties such as their amphiphilic nature, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. They can be classified based on their charge and separated by electrophoresis. Proteins have different levels of structure, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. They can be classified as globular or fibrous based on their shape. Proteins play important roles in various biological processes, such as transporting oxygen in blood, forming connective tissue fibers, and enabling muscle contraction. They also have industrial potential and can be used in food, pharmaceutical, medical, and nanobiotechnology industries. Overall, proteins are essential molecules with diverse functions and properties.
What are proteins?5 answersProteins are diverse macromolecules made up of amino acids that play essential roles in the structure, function, and regulation of the body at various levels. They are the common constituents of all living cells and are involved in a wide range of functions. Proteins can be classified based on their size, with peptides being smaller than 6000 kDa and proteins being larger. They have different levels of structure, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, which determine their spatial arrangement and function. Proteins can be found in various sources, including traditional food commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, and fish. Understanding proteins requires knowledge of their basic chemistry, including the amino acids from which they are made. Overall, proteins are fundamental molecules that are involved in numerous biological processes and have both structural and functional significance.
What are some methods to classify protein structures?5 answersProtein structure classification methods include extracting feature vectors and using classification algorithms. Feature extraction involves representing protein structures using descriptors such as protein ray-based descriptors. Classification algorithms used include instance-based learning methods like K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and FuzzyKNN. Other techniques include representing protein structures in a hierarchy tree structure, random forest approach, amino acid residue's averaged chemical shifts (ACS), and Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes Classifier have also been proposed. New feature descriptors used for classification include amino acid composition, sequence order, physicochemical properties, multiprofile Bayes, and secondary structure-based features.
What are the different types of structures that proteins can form?5 answersProteins can form different types of structures, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. The primary structure refers to the linear chain of amino acids that make up the protein. Secondary structure involves the formation of regular local structural patterns, such as helices, sheets, turns, and loops. Tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of the protein, determined by interactions between the side chains of amino acids. Quaternary structure refers to the association between two or more polypeptides, although not all proteins have a quaternary structure. These different structures contribute to the overall function and stability of proteins in living organisms.
How do the different structures of proteins affect their function?5 answersProteins have different structures, including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, which all play a role in their function. The primary structure refers to the linear chain of amino acids, while the secondary structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms in the polypeptide backbone. The tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of the protein, determined by interactions between the side chains. Some proteins also have a quaternary structure, which involves the association of multiple polypeptides. The different structures of proteins are crucial for their specific functions. While proteins with similar global structures may not have the same function, proteins with similar local structural information tend to bind to similar types of molecular targets. Additionally, the diverse shapes of proteins allow them to perform a wide range of activities, from chemical catalysis to cell structure organization. The relationship between protein structure and function is complex and influenced by factors such as protein-protein interactions, posttranslational modifications, and cellular environment.