What are Proximity sensors?5 answersProximity sensors are crucial devices that detect the presence or proximity of objects without physical contact. They operate based on principles like Faraday Electromagnetic Inductionand light sensing. Proximity sensors find extensive applications in various fields, including industry, robotics, and healthcare, enabling functions like obstacle avoidance, position recognition, and human-computer interaction. These sensors play a vital role in ensuring safety during human-robot collaborations and enhancing the capabilities of robots in tasks like object grasping and handover. Additionally, proximity sensors are utilized in dynamic subcellular organization studies, aiding in the investigation of intracellular signaling mechanisms and disease pathways. The continuous development and optimization of proximity sensors are essential for advancing technology and improving performance in diverse applications.
In which field is closeness centrality used in network analysis?5 answersCloseness centrality is used in network analysis in the field of financial-social-network-analysis to characterize the influence of an employee's social status. It is also used in distributed detection of central nodes in complex networks. Additionally, closeness centrality plays an essential role in network analysis for evaluating centrality in multilayer networks (MLNs).
How can proximity be used as a measure of social association?5 answersProximity can be used as a measure of social association by assessing the physical distance between individuals and their interactions. By measuring the proximity between individuals, researchers can gain insights into social behavior and the dynamics of social groups. This can be achieved through various methods, such as using direct observations of habituated animals in the wild, analyzing social contacts within a user's profile and sorting them based on proximity, or using proximity loggers that utilize Bluetooth Low Energy transmission to register contacts between individuals. Proximity data can be used to construct social graphs and networks, allowing for the analysis of association patterns and the exploration of social dynamics. By understanding the proximity and interactions between individuals, researchers can gain valuable insights into social behavior, including information transfer, competition, predation, and disease transmission.
What is proximity sourcing?5 answersProximity sourcing refers to the practice of sourcing goods or services from locations that are geographically close to the buyer's home market. It is a strategy that aims to reduce risks and costs associated with distance while maintaining effective supply chain operations. The concept of proximity sourcing has been studied in various industries, including Information Technology (IT) and manufacturing. In the IT sector, nearshoring, which involves outsourcing IT projects to nearby countries, has been found to have positive financial impacts and increased return on investment. In the manufacturing industry, proximity in the supply chain, including geographical, cultural, and relational proximity, has been identified as important factors in sourcing strategies for sophisticated goods. The trend of nearsourcing, sourcing products closer to the home market, has also been observed. Proximity sourcing is influenced by factors such as access to tacit knowledge and the need for linkages among organizations for innovation.
What are some examples of proximity and sustainability in urban planning?5 answersProximity and sustainability in urban planning can be seen in various ways. One example is the emphasis on proximity ideals in urban policy and planning, which goes beyond traditional accessibility strategies focused on mobility and speed. This approach aims to create a closer connection between transportation and land-use integration, as well as highlight the social context of neighborhoods and the individual's closest physical space at a detailed scale level. Another example is the use of local online selling platforms by small retail businesses. By embracing digitalization and selling on e-commerce platforms, these businesses can ensure their future while contributing to urban sustainability by strengthening historical centers and maintaining traditional social relationships. Additionally, urban recycling is a sustainable town planning approach that involves adapting existing urban environments to contemporary needs through comprehensive data analysis and integration of observations with practice. Finally, the development of urban green infrastructure can improve liveability, socio-economic growth, and environmental health in cities. However, the neglect of urban planning and weak management regulatory frameworks can lead to the loss and encroachment of urban forests, highlighting the need for proactive approaches to ensure their ongoing provision of ecological services.
What measure can be used as a proxy for social capital of a neighborhood?4 answersA proxy measure for social capital of a neighborhood can be carpooling to school. Another measure that can be used is a modified scale based on Nahapiet and Ghoshal model, which includes factors such as trust, communication, collaboration, and values.