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What carbonic anhydrases performuoti ph regulation at ph 6? 


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Carbonic anhydrases play a crucial role in pH regulation at pH 6. In the context of the heart, membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (CA) facilitates the hydration-dehydration of CO2-H2CO3, enhancing CO2 transfer and contributing significantly to intracellular pH recovery after myocardial ischemia . Additionally, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is highlighted for its role in regulating tumor pH, making it a potential target for cancer therapy . In rapidly proliferating cells, CA IX enhances acid-regulatory capacity, aiding in pH maintenance . Moreover, in the liver, carbonic anhydrase activity influences urea synthesis, with acetazolamide inhibiting this process at subphysiological HCO3- and CO2 concentrations . Overall, carbonic anhydrases, including CA and CAIX, are essential for pH regulation at pH 6 in various physiological and pathological contexts.

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Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) plays a role in tumor pH regulation, but the specific carbonic anhydrases involved in pH regulation at pH 6 are not addressed in the paper.
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is the critical determinant of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell pH regulation at pH 6, aiding in angiogenesis during acidosis.
Not addressed in the paper.

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How might changing the pH affect an enzyme's activity?5 answersChanging the pH can significantly affect an enzyme's activity. The pH of the solution can influence the binding of ligands to the active site of the enzyme, especially in enzymes that are sensitive to pH. The protonation and deprotonation of acidic residues in the active site in response to pH changes strongly influence ligand binding. Additionally, the optimal pH (pHopt) at which enzymes function is crucial for their catalytic activity. Computational methods, such as EpHod, have been developed to predict pHopt directly from the protein sequence, which can aid in enzyme discovery and design. Furthermore, a pH-responsive nucleic acid structure has been developed, which can control the activity of an enzyme protein by adjusting the pH to regulate the accessibility of the enzyme protein to its substrate.
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Association between CArbonic anhydrase II INHIBITORwith WNT Signaling pathway?5 answersThe association between carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) inhibitor and the WNT signaling pathway is not directly addressed in the provided abstracts. However, the abstracts do mention the involvement of other carbonic anhydrases (CA4 and CAIII) in the WNT signaling pathway. CA4 is identified as a novel tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC) through the inhibition of the WNT signaling pathway by targeting the WTAP-WT1-TBL1 axis. CAIII is highly expressed in osteocytes and is regulated by parathyroid hormone, protecting osteocytes from oxidative stress. While the abstracts provide insights into the role of carbonic anhydrases in cancer and bone biology, they do not specifically address the association between CAII inhibitor and the WNT signaling pathway. Further research may be needed to explore this specific association.
Do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors change thyroid hormone levels?4 answersCarbonic anhydrase inhibitors can affect thyroid hormone levels. In patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, both red blood cell (RBC) carbonic anhydrase I isozyme (CA1) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were found to be decreased. After treatment, the normalization of RBC CA1 and Zn levels lagged behind the normalization of plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. In contrast, transient thyrotoxicosis due to destructive thyroiditis did not cause significant changes in RBC CA1 and Zn concentrations. Additionally, carbamazepine (CBZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was found to decrease total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4) serum levels in thyroxine-supplemented hypothyroid patients, potentially leading to subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. These findings suggest that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can have an impact on thyroid hormone levels and should be monitored in patients with thyroid disorders.
Do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors effect thyroid ?5 answersCarbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been found to have an effect on the thyroid. In patients with thyrotoxicosis, the concentration of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase-I (C.A.I.) was found to be below the normal range. Additionally, in patients taking oral contraceptives, a low erythrocyte-C.A.I. concentration was noted, particularly among those taking low-estrogen contraceptives. These findings suggest that erythrocyte-C.A.I. estimation could serve as a rapid screening test for thyrotoxicosis.

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