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What does negative loss modulus mean? 


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A negative loss modulus refers to a material property where the modulus of the material decreases with increasing frequency. In other words, as the frequency of the applied force or stress increases, the material becomes less resistant to deformation. This behavior is observed in certain acoustic metamaterials, such as those described by Lee et al. and Sharma et al. . Lee et al. fabricated a one-dimensional acoustic metamaterial with side holes on a tube and observed that sound waves below a certain frequency did not pass through the structure, indicating a negative effective modulus. Sharma et al. proposed an acoustic metamaterial based on expansion chambers and showed that the addition of a neck region improved the transmission loss characteristics at low frequencies, resulting in a negative bulk modulus behavior.

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