What is the cost of balance of plant for hybrid power plants?5 answersThe cost of balance of plant for hybrid power plants has been investigated in several studies. In the HYLIFE-II concept, the impact of molten salts on the direct capital cost of the balance of plant (BOP) and the cost of electricity (COE) has been analyzed using the RUBY computer code. Another study analyzed two different architectures for a hybrid power source, comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell and a Li-ion battery, in the Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator airplane. Additionally, a proposal for a hybrid plant composed of wind and photovoltaic generation with two types of storage, lithium-ion batteries and a thermal storage system, analyzed the techno-economic aspects to optimally size the plant and determine the most cost-competitive solution. These studies provide insights into the cost considerations for balance of plant in hybrid power plants.
Which factors influence production plan costs?5 answersFactors that influence production plan costs include the dynamics of the market, adjustment of manufacturing system structures and parameters, evaluation of investment programs, unpredictability of quality factors, inefficient planning, lot-sizing policies, uncertainties in production costs and marginal costs, generator availabilities, hourly loads, initial operating states of generating units, scarce resources, setup time, linear and stationary costs, optimal solutions, heuristics, creative process of devising a production plan, allocation of funds based on project requirements, and addressing all areas in the budget.
What is the production value of eggplant in the market?5 answersThe production value of eggplant in the market is not explicitly mentioned in the abstracts provided.
What is cost, economic variability?4 answersCost variability refers to the fluctuations or changes in costs over a period of time. It is a measure of the degree to which costs vary in response to changes in production levels or other factors. Economic variability, on the other hand, refers to the fluctuations or changes in economic conditions or factors that can impact costs and financial performance. This can include changes in market conditions, consumer demand, inflation rates, exchange rates, and other economic variables. Understanding cost and economic variability is important for businesses and policymakers as it helps in assessing the risks and uncertainties associated with costs and economic conditions, and in making informed decisions regarding cost management, pricing strategies, and resource allocation.
What is variable cost in Production cost in managerial economics?3 answersVariable cost in production cost in managerial economics refers to the costs that vary with the level of production. These costs are directly related to the production volume and include expenses such as raw materials, purchased products, salaries of production workers, and energy resources for technology. The variable cost method is used in enterprise management to analyze the break-even point, optimize the structure of products, determine the critical volume of production, calculate the required amount of sales for profit, and make various management decisions. In a single-vendor multi-buyer supply chain model, variable production cost is considered as a function of the production rate, and it affects the total cost of the supply chain model. The variable costing method is used to determine the cost of production (HPP) and set different selling prices for each product variant to avoid losses. Managers use the separation of fixed and variable costs to forecast total costs and make decisions based on the production volume. Variable costing is used for internal reporting and analysis, providing better insight into cost relationships, while absorption costing meets external reporting requirements.
What is production cost?2 answersProduction cost refers to the expenses incurred in the process of manufacturing a product or providing a service. It includes various elements such as labor cost, distribution cost, education cost, health cost, information cost, administration cost, time cost, debt cost, inflation cost, unemployment cost, economic reform cost, and ecological cost. Calculating the cost of production is essential for assessing the economic viability of a project, especially when using innovative technologies. The cost of production can be analyzed by aggregating data in real-time, considering factors such as routing, operation, work center, cost center, component, and activity. Different methods of calculating production cost, such as direct costing and absorption costing, can impact the financial performance of companies. In the short run, production costs increase as output increases, leading to rising marginal and average costs. However, in the long run, all costs are variable, and the relationship between production and average costs depends on the firm's returns to scale.