What factors increase the risk of STI and HIV transmission?
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51 Citations | Factors that significantly alter the risk of HIV transmission include male circumcision, condom use, high viral load, and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases. |
122 Citations | In addition, the presence of STDs may increase the likelihood of HIV transmission. |
18 Citations | Similar behaviours, such as frequent unprotected intercourse with different partners, place people at high risk of both infections, and it is becoming clearer that conventional STDs increase the probability of HIV transmission. |
95 Citations | Diagnosis of an STI signals sexual health risk because an STI facilitates the transmission and acquisition of other STIs, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). |
18 Citations | These low rates are concerning as concurrent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase risk for HIV transmission. |
Open access•Journal Article | Furthermore, STDs are associated with increased risk of HIV transmission.' |
Open access•Journal Article | High STI prevalence and several socioeconomic factors create a high-risk environment for the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. |
25 Citations | The high prevalence of STIs and the association between STIs and HIV, and HIV viral load underscores the public health implications of sustained transmission risk of STIs and HIV. |
25 Citations | Prevention programs should recognize that various factors can increase the risk of contracting and transmitting STDs, including HIV. |
| For highly transmissible STI, there is a non-monotonic relationship between STI prevalence and microbicide impact on HIV with the relative reduction in HIV risk first increasing, due to the proportion of HIV risk attributable to the STI increasing, but then decreasing at high prevalences as the STI becomes harder to control. |
Related Questions
What causes hiv?5 answersHIV, which leads to AIDS, is primarily caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. This retrovirus weakens the immune system, making the body susceptible to various infections and cancers. The transmission of HIV occurs through various means, including unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person, sharing needles or syringes, mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding, and blood transfusions. The virus persists in the body in two forms: as free virus and within infected immune cells, particularly CD4 T-cells, leading to a gradual breakdown of the immune system. Understanding the transmission routes and the virus's impact on the immune system is crucial in combating the spread and progression of HIV/AIDS.
What are the factors contributing to the high incidence of STIs among the youth in Uganda?5 answersThe high incidence of STIs among the youth in Uganda can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, there is a lack of knowledge and awareness about STIs and their prevention. Secondly, risky sexual behaviors such as multiple sexual partners and inconsistent condom use contribute to the spread of STIs. Substance use, including alcohol and psychoactive substances, has also been identified as a risk factor for engaging in risky sexual behaviors and increasing the likelihood of STI transmission. Additionally, engagement in transactional sex, often influenced by substance use and watching pornographic material, has been found to be associated with higher rates of STIs among young women. Limited access to sexual and reproductive health services, including contraception, further exacerbates the problem. Addressing these factors through comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education, promoting safer sexual practices, and improving access to healthcare services can help reduce the incidence of STIs among the youth in Uganda.
What are the risk factors for anal HPV infection?4 answersThe risk factors for anal HPV infection include receptive anal intercourse in the previous 12 months, inconsistent condom use, detectable HIV titers, a high number of sexual partners, a high frequency of sexual intercourse, oral sex, and smoking. Other factors associated with anal HPV infection include a history of sexually transmitted diseases, having multiple sexually transmitted diseases, and having a history of genital warts. Age is also a factor, with women aged 36 to 50 years being more likely to have oral HPV infection. Additionally, certain HPV genotypes, such as HPV16 and HPV6, have been found to have a higher incidence, lower clearance rate, and longer duration of infection. It is important to note that HPV infection in the cervix is a significant predictor of anal HPV infection.
What are the risk factors for sex addiction?5 answersSex addiction has several risk factors including hereditary factors, body endocrine hormones, childhood abuse, social environment, peer influence, and mood factors. Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity are also associated with sexual addiction, and anxiety and depression seem to mediate the links between impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and this addiction. Additionally, major risk factors for addiction in general include environmental factors that affect initiation of use and genetic factors that affect progression from use to dependence.
Which STIs increase the risk of HIV transmission and aquicition?5 answersSexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) increase the risk of HIV transmission and acquisition. Antibiotic treatment reduces the incidence of STIs but not HIV. CT and GC activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4, which are critical for initiating immune responses to control infection. GC enhances HIV infection of primary resting CD4+ T cells through activation of TLR2. Live and fixed CT, but not lactobacilli, promote HIV infection of CD4+ T cells. The enhancement effect of fixed CT on HIV infection may explain the failure of antibiotic treatments to reduce HIV incidence. Therefore, it is important to consider combined strategies to inhibit STI growth and STI-mediated mucosal immune activation for HIV prevention in the settings of STIs.
What are the risk factors for HIV infection among transgender people?4 answersTransgender individuals are at a higher risk for HIV infection due to various factors. These include high-risk sexual behaviors, substance abuse, stigma, discrimination, involvement in sex work, lack of knowledge about safe sex, and inaccurate perception of risk. Pervasive stigma and discrimination also contribute to HIV disparities among transgender individuals. Additionally, transgender women of color are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. Gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) may have deleterious cardiometabolic effects, such as increases in visceral adipose tissue, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among transgender people living with HIV. It is important to consider these risk factors and develop targeted prevention strategies to address the disproportionate burden of HIV among transgender populations.